user-interface - 拆分 Pane gui 对象

Question

我开发 gui 已经有一段时间了，这需要创建 Mathematica 缺少的通用控件对象(例如 spinner、treeview、openerbar 等)。一个是多面板，即一个被分成两个(或更多)子面板的面板对象，其中的分隔线可以通过鼠标设置。这是我的双 Pane 版本。我想听听您关于如何扩展它以不仅处理 2 个而且处理任意数量的子 Pane ，以及如何优化它的意见和想法。目前，对于重载的子 Pane ，它非常滞后，不知道为什么。

Options[SplitPane] = {Direction -> "Vertical", 
   DividerWidth -> Automatic, Paneled -> {True, True}};
SplitPane[opts___?OptionQ] := 
  Module[{dummy}, SplitPane[Dynamic[dummy], opts]];
SplitPane[val_, opts___?OptionQ] := SplitPane[val, {"", ""}, opts];
SplitPane[val_, content_, opts___?OptionQ] := 
  SplitPane[val, content, {100, 50}, opts];
SplitPane[Dynamic[split_, arg___], {expr1_, expr2_}, {maxX_, maxY_}, 
   opts___?OptionQ] := 
  DynamicModule[{temp, dir, d, panel, coord, max, fix, val},
   {dir, d, panel} = {Direction, DividerWidth, Paneled} /. {opts} /. 
     Options[SplitPane];
   dir = dir /. {Bottom | Top | "Vertical" -> "Vertical", _ -> 
       "Horizontal"};
   d = d /. Automatic -> 2;
   split = If[NumberQ[split], split, max/2];
   val = Clip[split /. {_?NumberQ -> split, _ -> maxX/2}, {0, maxX}];
   {coord, max, fix} = 
    Switch[dir, "Vertical", {First, maxX, maxY}, 
     "Horizontal", {(max - Last[#]) &, maxY, maxX}];
   panel = (# /. {None | False -> 
          Identity, _ -> (Panel[#, ImageMargins -> 0, 
             FrameMargins -> -1] &)}) & /@ panel;

   Grid[If[dir === "Vertical",
     {{
       Dynamic[
        panel[[1]]@
         Pane[expr1, ImageSize -> {split - d, fix}, 
          ImageSizeAction -> "Scrollable", Scrollbars -> Automatic, 
          AppearanceElements -> None], TrackedSymbols :> {split}],
       Deploy@EventHandler[
         MouseAppearance[
          Pane[Null, ImageSize -> {d*2, fix}, ImageMargins -> -1, 
           FrameMargins -> -1], "FrameLRResize"],
         "MouseDown" :> (temp = 
            coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute"; 
           split = 
            If[Abs[temp - split] <= d \[And] 0 <= temp <= max, temp, 
             split]), 
         "MouseDragged" :> (temp = 
            coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute"; 
           split = If[0 <= temp <= max, temp, split])],
       Dynamic@
        panel[[2]]@
         Pane[expr2, ImageSizeAction -> "Scrollable", 
          Scrollbars -> Automatic, AppearanceElements -> None, 
          ImageSize -> {max - split - d, fix}]
       }},
     {
      List@
       Dynamic[panel[[1]]@
         Pane[expr1, ImageSize -> {fix, split - d}, 
          ImageSizeAction -> "Scrollable", Scrollbars -> Automatic, 
          AppearanceElements -> None], TrackedSymbols :> {split}],
      List@Deploy@EventHandler[
         MouseAppearance[
          Pane[Null, ImageSize -> {fix, d*2}, ImageMargins -> -1, 
           FrameMargins -> -1], "FrameTBResize"],
         "MouseDown" :> (temp = 
            coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute"; 
           split = 
            If[Abs[temp - split] <= d \[And] 0 <= temp <= max, temp, 
             split]), 
         "MouseDragged" :> (temp = 
            coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute"; 
           split = If[0 <= temp <= max, temp, split])],
      List@
       Dynamic[panel[[2]]@
         Pane[expr2, ImageSizeAction -> "Scrollable", 
          Scrollbars -> Automatic, 
          ImageSize -> {fix, max - split - d}, 
          AppearanceElements -> None], TrackedSymbols :> {split}]
      }
     ], Spacings -> {0, -.1}]
   ];
SplitPane[val_, arg___] /; NumberQ[val] := 
  Module[{x = val}, SplitPane[Dynamic[x], arg]];

pos = 300;
SplitPane[
 Dynamic[pos], {Manipulate[
   Plot[Sin[x (1 + a x)], {x, 0, 6}], {a, 0, 2}], 
  Factorial[123]}, {500, 300}]

Answer 1

推广到多个面板的关键是重构您的代码。在目前的形式中，虽然非常好，但它混合了可视化/UI 原语和选项与拆分逻辑，并且有很多重复的代码。这使得泛化变得困难。这是重构的版本:

ClearAll[SplitPane];
Options[SplitPane] = {
    Direction -> "Vertical", DividerWidth -> Automatic, Paneled -> True
};
SplitPane[opts___?OptionQ] :=   Module[{dummy}, SplitPane[Dynamic[dummy], opts]];
SplitPane[val_, opts___?OptionQ] := SplitPane[val, {"", ""}, opts];
SplitPane[val_, content_, opts___?OptionQ] :=
    SplitPane[val, content, {100, 50}, opts];
SplitPane[sp_List, {cont__}, {maxX_, maxY_}, opts___?OptionQ] /; 
        Length[sp] == Length[Hold[cont]] - 1 :=
  Module[{scrollablePane, dividerPane, onMouseDownCode, onMouseDraggedCode, dynPane,
      gridArg, split, divider, panel},
    With[{paneled = Paneled /. {opts} /. Options[SplitPane],len = Length[Hold[cont]]},
       Which[
          TrueQ[paneled ],
             panel = Table[True, {len}],
          MatchQ[paneled, {Repeated[(True | False), {len}]}],
             panel = paneled,
          True,
            Message[SplitPane::badopt]; Return[$Failed, Module]
       ]
    ];

    DynamicModule[{temp, dir, d, coord, max, fix, val},
      {dir, d} = {Direction, DividerWidth}/.{opts}/.Options[SplitPane];
      dir =  dir /. {
         Bottom | Top | "Vertical" -> "Vertical", _ -> "Horizontal"
      };
      d = d /. Automatic -> 2;
      val = Clip[sp /. {_?NumberQ -> sp, _ -> maxX/2}, {0, maxX}];
      {coord, max, fix} =
        Switch[dir,
          "Vertical",
             {First, maxX, maxY},
          "Horizontal",
             {(max - Last[#]) &, maxY, maxX}
        ];
      Do[split[i] = sp[[i]], {i, 1, Length[sp]}];
      split[Length[sp] + 1] = max - Total[sp] - 2*d*Length[sp];
      panel =
          (# /. {
            None | False -> Identity, 
            _ -> (Panel[#, ImageMargins -> 0,FrameMargins -> -1] &)
           }) & /@ panel;
      scrollablePane[args___] :=
          Pane[args, ImageSizeAction -> "Scrollable", 
               Scrollbars -> Automatic, AppearanceElements -> None];
      dividerPane[size : {_, _}] :=
          Pane[Null, ImageSize -> size, ImageMargins -> -1,FrameMargins -> -1];

      onMouseDownCode[n_] := 
        Module[{old},
          temp = coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute";
          If[Abs[temp - split[n]] <= d \[And] 0 <= temp <= max,
            old = split[n];
            split[n] = temp-Sum[split[i], {i, n - 1}];
            split[n + 1] += old - split[n];       
        ]];

      onMouseDraggedCode[n_] :=
         Module[{old},
            temp = coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute";
            If[0 <= temp <= max,
               old = split[n];
               split[n] = temp -Sum[split[i], {i, n - 1}];
               split[n + 1] += old - split[n];
            ] ;
         ];

      SetAttributes[dynPane, HoldFirst];
      dynPane[expr_, n_, size_] :=
          panel[[n]]@scrollablePane[expr, ImageSize -> size];

      divider[n_, sizediv_, resizeType_] :=
         Deploy@EventHandler[
            MouseAppearance[dividerPane[sizediv], resizeType],
           "MouseDown" :> onMouseDownCode[n],
           "MouseDragged" :> onMouseDraggedCode[n]
         ];

      SetAttributes[gridArg, HoldAll];
      gridArg[{content__}, sizediv_, resizeType_, sizeF_] :=
         Module[{myHold, len = Length[Hold[content]] },
           SetAttributes[myHold, HoldAll];
           List @@ Map[
             Dynamic,
             Apply[Hold, 
                MapThread[Compose,
                   {
                      Range[len] /. {
                        len :>               
                          Function[
                             exp, 
                             myHold[dynPane[exp, len, sizeF[len]]], 
                             HoldAll
                          ],
                        n_Integer :>
                          Function[exp,
                             myHold[dynPane[exp, n, sizeF[n]],
                                divider[n, sizediv, resizeType]
                             ], 
                          HoldAll]
                      },
                      Unevaluated /@ Unevaluated[{content}]
                    }] (* MapThread *)
               ] /. myHold[x__] :> x
           ] (* Map *)
         ]; (* Module *)
      (* Output *)
      Grid[
        If[dir === "Vertical",
           List@ gridArg[{cont}, {d*2, fix},"FrameLRResize",{split[#] - d, fix} &],
           (* else *)
           List /@ gridArg[{cont}, {fix, d*2},"FrameTBResize", {fix, split[#] - d} &]
        ],
        Spacings -> {0, -.1}]]];

SplitPane[val_, arg___] /; NumberQ[val] := 
   Module[{x = val}, SplitPane[Dynamic[x], arg]];

这是它的外观:

SplitPane[{300, 300}, 
 {
   Manipulate[Plot[Sin[x (1 + a x)], {x, 0, 6}], {a, 0, 2}], 
   Factorial[123], 
   CompleteGraph[5]
 }, {900, 300}]

无法评论您提到的性能问题。此外，当您开始用鼠标拖动时，实际光标位置通常与分隔线位置相差甚远。这适用于你和我的版本，也许需要一些更精确的缩放。

只是想再次强调 - 只有在我进行了重构之后，泛化才成为可能，将拆分逻辑与可视化相关的东西分开。至于优化，我也认为尝试优化这个版本比原来的要容易得多，出于同样的原因。

编辑

我有点犹豫要不要添加这个注释，但必须提到的是，我上面的解决方案在工作时展示了一种被认为是 的做法。坏 由专业的 UI mma 程序员编写。即，它使用 Module - 内部生成的变量 Dynamic内在 Module (特别是上面代码中的 split，还有各种辅助函数)。我使用它的原因是我无法仅使用 DynamicModule 来完成这项工作。 - 生成的变量，加上 Module - 生成的变量以前总是对我有用。但是，请参阅 John Fultz 在 this 中的帖子MathGroup 线程，他指出应该避免这种做法。