r - 与 data.tables 的非连接

Question

我对 data.table 有疑问“非连接”的习语，灵感来自 Iterator 的 question .下面是一个例子:

library(data.table)

dt1 <- data.table(A1=letters[1:10], B1=sample(1:5,10, replace=TRUE))
dt2 <- data.table(A2=letters[c(1:5, 11:15)], B2=sample(1:5,10, replace=TRUE))

setkey(dt1, A1)
setkey(dt2, A2)

data.table看起来像这样

> dt1               > dt2
      A1 B1               A2 B2
 [1,]  a  1          [1,]  a  2
 [2,]  b  4          [2,]  b  5
 [3,]  c  2          [3,]  c  2
 [4,]  d  5          [4,]  d  1
 [5,]  e  1          [5,]  e  1
 [6,]  f  2          [6,]  k  5
 [7,]  g  3          [7,]  l  2
 [8,]  h  3          [8,]  m  4
 [9,]  i  2          [9,]  n  1
[10,]  j  4         [10,]  o  1

查找 dt2 中的哪些行在 dt1 中具有相同的 key ，设置 which选项 TRUE :

> dt1[dt2, which=TRUE]
[1]  1  2  3  4  5 NA NA NA NA NA

马修在此建议 answer ，一个“非加入”的习语

dt1[-dt1[dt2, which=TRUE]]

子集 dt1到那些索引未出现在 dt2 中的行.在我的机器上 data.table v1.7.1 我收到一个错误:

Error in `[.default`(x[[s]], irows): only 0's may be mixed with negative subscripts

相反，使用选项 nomatch=0 ，“非加入”有效

> dt1[-dt1[dt2, which=TRUE, nomatch=0]]
     A1 B1
[1,]  f  2
[2,]  g  3
[3,]  h  3
[4,]  i  2
[5,]  j  4

这是预期的行为吗？

Answer 1

v1.8.3 中的新功能:

A new "!" prefix on i signals 'not-join' (a.k.a. 'not-where'), #1384.
  DT[-DT["a", which=TRUE, nomatch=0]]   # old not-join idiom, still works
  DT[!"a"]                              # same result, now preferred.
  DT[!J(6),...]                         # !J == not-join
  DT[!2:3,...]                          # ! on all types of i
  DT[colA!=6L | colB!=23L,...]          # multiple vector scanning approach
  DT[!J(6L,23L)]                        # same result, faster binary search
'!' has been used rather than '-' :
  * to match the 'not-join' and 'not-where' nomenclature
  * with '-', DT[-0] would return DT rather than DT[0] and not be backwards
    compatibile. With '!', DT[!0] returns DT both before (since !0 is TRUE in
    base R) and after this new feature.
  * to leave DT[+...] and DT[-...] available for future use