c# - Azure Bot Framework 模拟器错误 - System.ArgumentNullException : Value cannot be null

Question

我需要一些帮助。我是 Azure 机器人框架开发新手，几周前使用 QnA 知识库创建了我的第一个聊天机器人。无论如何，我设法在 Azure 门户中创建了机器人，并且它运行良好。但我需要在 Bot Framework Emulator(使用 V4)中进行一些更改和测试，为此，需要在本地下载并运行我的机器人。

我按照 Azure 的说明下载了机器人的 .zip 文件，并使用 Visual Studio 2017 作为我的 IDE 对其进行了初始化。但是，当我点击“调试”按钮时，程序会尝试连接到 localhost:3984。

using Autofac;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Reflection;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Azure;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Dialogs;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Dialogs.Internals;
using Microsoft.Bot.Connector;

namespace SimpleEchoBot
{
    public class WebApiApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start()
        {
            // Bot Storage: This is a great spot to register the private state storage for your bot. 
            // We provide adapters for Azure Table, CosmosDb, SQL Azure, or you can implement your own!
            // For samples and documentation, see: https://github.com/Microsoft/BotBuilder-Azure

            Conversation.UpdateContainer(
                builder =>
                {
                    builder.RegisterModule(new AzureModule(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()));

                    // Using Azure Table Storage

                    var store = new TableBotDataStore(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AzureWebJobsStorage"]); // requires Microsoft.BotBuilder.Azure Nuget package 

                    // To use CosmosDb or InMemory storage instead of the default table storage, uncomment the corresponding line below
                    // var store = new DocumentDbBotDataStore("cosmos db uri", "cosmos db key"); // requires Microsoft.BotBuilder.Azure Nuget package 
                    // var store = new InMemoryDataStore(); // volatile in-memory store

                    builder.Register(c => store)
                        .Keyed<IBotDataStore<BotData>>(AzureModule.Key_DataStore)
                        .AsSelf()
                        .SingleInstance();

                });
            GlobalConfiguration.Configure(WebApiConfig.Register);
        }
    }
}

不过，在几秒钟内，以下代码行将返回错误System.ArgumentNullException:“值不能为空。”Arg_ParamName_Name':

var store = new TableBotDataStore(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AzureWebJobsStorage"]); // requires Microsoft.BotBuilder.Azure Nuget package 

因此，我无法在 Bot Framework Emulator 中测试我的机器人。由于我对 C# 非常陌生，有人可以帮我解决这个问题吗？

编辑:这是我的 web.config 部分代码，仅删除敏感数据:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
  For more information on how to configure your ASP.NET application, please visit
  http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=301879
  -->
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
  </configSections>
  <appSettings>
    <!-- update these with your Microsoft App Id and your Microsoft App Password-->
    <!--<add key="BotId" value="" />-->
    <add key="MicrosoftAppId" value="" />
    <add key="MicrosoftAppPassword" value="" />
    <add key="QnaSubscriptionKey" value="" />
    <add key="QnaKnowledgebaseId" value="" />
    <add key="AzureWebJobsStorage" value="" />

  </appSettings>
  <!--
    For a description of web.config changes see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=235367.

    The following attributes can be set on the <httpRuntime> tag.
      <system.Web>
        <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.6" />
      </system.Web>
  -->
  <system.web>
    <customErrors mode="Off" />
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.6" />
    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.6" />
  </system.web>
  <system.webServer>
    <defaultDocument>
      <files>
        <clear />
        <add value="default.htm" />
      </files>
    </defaultDocument>
    <handlers>
      <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" />
      <remove name="OPTIONSVerbHandler" />
      <remove name="TRACEVerbHandler" />
      <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="*" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" />
    </handlers>
  </system.webServer>
  <runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Newtonsoft.Json" publicKeyToken="30ad4fe6b2a6aeed" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-9.0.0.0" newVersion="9.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Net.Http.Primitives" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.2.29.0" newVersion="4.2.29.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Net.Http.Formatting" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.1.4.0" newVersion="5.1.4.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocol.Extensions" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.0.40306.1554" newVersion="1.0.40306.1554" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Bot.Connector" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.15.2.2" newVersion="3.15.2.2" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Bot.Builder" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.15.2.2" newVersion="3.15.2.2" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Azure.Documents.Client" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.11.0.0" newVersion="1.11.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Bot.Builder.History" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.12.2.4" newVersion="3.12.2.4" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Autofac" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.15.2.2" newVersion="3.15.2.2" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Data.Services.Client" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.7.0.0" newVersion="5.7.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Data.OData" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.7.0.0" newVersion="5.7.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Data.Edm" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.7.0.0" newVersion="5.7.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
  </runtime>
  <system.codedom>
    <compilers>
      <compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.CSharpCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:6 /nowarn:1659;1699;1701" />
      <compiler language="vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript" extension=".vb" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.VBCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:14 /nowarn:41008 /define:_MYTYPE=\&quot;Web\&quot; /optionInfer+" />
    </compilers>
  </system.codedom>
  <entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
      <parameters>
        <parameter value="mssqllocaldb" />
      </parameters>
    </defaultConnectionFactory>
    <providers>
      <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
    </providers>
  </entityFramework>
</configuration>

编辑 2:到目前为止该问题的一些屏幕截图:

编辑 3:尝试解决“请在应用程序设置中设置 QnAKnowledgebaseId、QnAAuthKey 和 QnAEndpointHostName(如果适用)。了解如何在 https://aka.ms/qnaabssetup 获取它们。” 。到目前为止的基本 QnAMakerDialog.cs(qnaAuthKey、qnaKBId 和 endpointHostName 的第一个实例具有归因于它们的值，但为了安全起见，我在此处删除了它们):

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Azure;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Dialogs;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.CognitiveServices.QnAMaker;
using Microsoft.Bot.Connector;
using System.Configuration;
namespace Microsoft.Bot.Sample.QnABot
{
    [Serializable]
    public class RootDialog : IDialog<object>
    {
        public async Task StartAsync(IDialogContext context)
        {
            /* Wait until the first message is received from the conversation and call MessageReceviedAsync 
            *  to process that message. */
            context.Wait(this.MessageReceivedAsync);
        }

        private async Task MessageReceivedAsync(IDialogContext context, IAwaitable<IMessageActivity> result)
        {
            /* When MessageReceivedAsync is called, it's passed an IAwaitable<IMessageActivity>. To get the message,
             *  await the result. */
            var message = await result;

            var qnaAuthKey = GetSetting("");
            var qnaKBId = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[""];
            var endpointHostName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[""];

            // QnA Subscription Key and KnowledgeBase Id null verification
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(qnaAuthKey) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(qnaKBId))
            {
                // Forward to the appropriate Dialog based on whether the endpoint hostname is present
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(endpointHostName))
                    await context.Forward(new BasicQnAMakerPreviewDialog(), AfterAnswerAsync, message, CancellationToken.None);
                else
                    await context.Forward(new BasicQnAMakerDialog(), AfterAnswerAsync, message, CancellationToken.None);
            }
            else
            {
                await context.PostAsync("Please set QnAKnowledgebaseId, QnAAuthKey and QnAEndpointHostName (if applicable) in App Settings. Learn how to get them at https://aka.ms/qnaabssetup.");
            }

        }

        private async Task AfterAnswerAsync(IDialogContext context, IAwaitable<IMessageActivity> result)
        {
            // wait for the next user message
            context.Wait(MessageReceivedAsync);
        }

        public static string GetSetting(string key)
        {
            var value = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[key];
            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(value) && key == "QnAAuthKey")
            {
                value = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["QnASubscriptionKey"]; // QnASubscriptionKey for backward compatibility with QnAMaker (Preview)
            }
            return value;
        }
    }

    // Dialog for QnAMaker Preview service
    [Serializable]
    public class BasicQnAMakerPreviewDialog : QnAMakerDialog
    {
        // Go to https://qnamaker.ai and feed data, train & publish your QnA Knowledgebase.
        // Parameters to QnAMakerService are:
        // Required: subscriptionKey, knowledgebaseId, 
        // Optional: defaultMessage, scoreThreshold[Range 0.0 – 1.0]
        public BasicQnAMakerPreviewDialog() : base(new QnAMakerService(new QnAMakerAttribute(RootDialog.GetSetting("QnAAuthKey"), ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["QnAKnowledgebaseId"], "No good match in FAQ.", 0.5)))
        { }
    }

    // Dialog for QnAMaker GA service
    [Serializable]
    public class BasicQnAMakerDialog : QnAMakerDialog
    {
        // Go to https://qnamaker.ai and feed data, train & publish your QnA Knowledgebase.
        // Parameters to QnAMakerService are:
        // Required: qnaAuthKey, knowledgebaseId, endpointHostName
        // Optional: defaultMessage, scoreThreshold[Range 0.0 – 1.0]
        public BasicQnAMakerDialog() : base(new QnAMakerService(new QnAMakerAttribute(RootDialog.GetSetting("QnAAuthKey"), ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["QnAKnowledgebaseId"], "Desculpe, não entendi muito bem sua pergunta... Poderia refazê-la de forma diferente? Caso já tenha tentado, talvez eu ainda não saiba como responder sua dúvida.", 0.3, 1, ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["QnAEndpointHostName"])))
        { }

    }
}

Answer 1

正如错误所述，这里的问题是，在 web.config 文件中找不到 AzureWebJobsStorage。要解决您的问题，请导航到 Azure 门户中的机器人，然后单击左侧边栏选项卡中的应用程序设置。在那里您将找到一个带有 AzureWebJobsStorage 键的设置。 复制设置的值并将其粘贴到 web.config 文件中，如下所示:

<configuration>
  <appSettings>
    <!-- update these with your BotId, Microsoft App Id and your Microsoft App Password-->
    <add key="BotId" value="YourBotId" />
   <add key="MicrosoftAppId" value="" />
   <add key="MicrosoftAppPassword" value="" />
    <add key="QnaSubscriptionKey" value="" />
    <add key="QnaKnowledgebaseId" value="" />
    <add key="AzureWebJobsStorage" value="copied value from azure portal" />
  </appSettings>

更新:

为了回答您在评论中提出的进一步问题，

I am redirected to a blank page in my browser, with the address localhost:3984 and a text where you can read QnABot Template, followed by some links

表示机器人现在工作正常，这实际上是预期的行为。要在本地测试机器人，您需要使用 Bot Emulator 。按照链接中提到的步骤操作并测试机器人。您也可以通过 bot framework链接，因为这将使您更清楚地了解 Microsoft Bot Framework。

更新2:

根据您发布的屏幕截图，我认为您已经更改了 Global.asax 文件。注册 TableBotDataStore 的代码应该是

var store = new TableBotDataStore(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AzureWebJobsStorage"]); 

对此没有任何改变。

其次，正如韩斐所提到的:

The Utils.GetAppSetting(string key) method is for bots running on Azure, if you’d like to run your bot application on local and access settings from your web.config file, you can use ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[“your_key”] to replace Utils.GetAppSetting(“your_key”) in your QnAMakerDialog.

第二个屏幕截图显示您的代码中仍然有 Utils.GetAppSetting(“your_key”)。将其替换为:

var qnaKBId = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["QnAKnowledgebaseId"];

其他地方也是如此。