python - "Apps aren' t 已加载”尝试运行 pytest-django 时

Question

使用来自 Django tutorial 的(部分)投票应用程序例如，我正在尝试获取 pytest-django运行。

使用命令 django-admin startproject mysite2 ，我创建了一个具有以下结构的项目目录:

.
├── db.sqlite3
├── manage.py
├── mysite2
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── polls
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── migrations
│   │   ├── 0001_initial.py
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── views.py
└── pytest.ini

我的 pytest.ini好像

[pytest]
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE = mysite2.settings
python_files = tests.py test_*.py *_tests.py

按照教程，在 polls/models.py我创建了 Question和 Choice楷模:

import datetime

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone

class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.question_text

    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)

class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text

现在，如果我制作 tests.py如教程中所述，它基于 Python 的内置 unittest模块，

import datetime

from django.utils import timezone
from django.test import TestCase

from .models import Question

class QuestionModelTests(TestCase):
    def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
        time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
        future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)

我运行 python manage.py test从命令行，测试失败预期:

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_was_published_recently_with_future_question (polls.tests.QuestionModelTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/Documents/Scratch/mysite2/polls/tests.py", line 23, in test_was_published_recently_with_future_question
    self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
AssertionError: True is not False

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

FAILED (failures=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

但是，如果我将测试代码更改为(尝试) pytest等效(即，不必继承 TestCase 并使用普通断言):

def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question():
    time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
    future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
    assert future_question.was_published_recently() is False

并运行 pytest命令，我收到以下错误:

================================= test session starts ==================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.6.3, pytest-3.2.3, py-1.4.34, pluggy-0.4.0
rootdir: /Users/kurtpeek/Documents/Scratch/mysite2, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: timeout-1.2.1
collected 0 items / 1 errors                                                            

======================================== ERRORS ========================================
___________________________ ERROR collecting polls/tests.py ____________________________
polls/tests.py:10: in <module>
    from .models import Question
polls/models.py:6: in <module>
    class Question(models.Model):
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py:100: in __new__
    app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py:244: in get_containing_app_config
    self.check_apps_ready()
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py:127: in check_apps_ready
    raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
E   django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 errors during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
=============================== 1 error in 0.64 seconds ================================

到目前为止，我还没有找到解决此问题的方法。关于如何让测试运行的任何想法？

Answer 1

在使用 pytest 调用测试时，我遇到了类似的问题。或 python setup.py test .

对于 pytest调用安装 pytest-django在我的虚拟环境中解决了这个问题。

对于 python setup.py install添加 pytest-django到tests_require setup() 的论点解决了。

这是 setup.py 的片段:

TEST_REQUIREMENTS = [
    'pytest',
    'pytest-django',
    'pylint',
    'pylint_django',
    'git-pylint-commit-hook',
]

setup(
    name='foo',
    version='0.0.1',
    description='Foo package',
    author='...',
    author_email='...',
    packages=['foo'],
    install_requires=INSTALL_REQUIREMENTS,
    setup_requires=SETUP_REQUIREMENTS,
    tests_require=TEST_REQUIREMENTS,
)