Python - 在 Dash 回调中重用函数

Question

我正在尝试在 Python Dash 框架中创建一个应用程序，它允许用户从列表中选择一个名称并使用该名称填充其他两个输入字段。有六个地方用户可以从(相同的)列表中选择一个名字，因此总共需要执行 12 个回调。我的问题是，如何使用单个函数定义来提供多个回调？

正如我在其他地方( here for example )看到的那样，人们在执行多个回调时重用相同的函数名称，例如

@app.callback(
    Output('rp-mon1-health', 'value'),
    [Input('rp-mon1-name', 'value')]
)
def update_health(monster):
    if monster != '':
        relevant = [m for m in monster_data if m['name'] == monster]
        return relevant[0]['health']
    else:
        return 11

@app.callback(
    Output('rp-mon3-health', 'value'),
    [Input('rp-mon3-name', 'value')]
)
def update_health(monster):
    if monster != '':
        relevant = [m for m in monster_data if m['name'] == monster]
        return relevant[0]['health']
    else:
        return 11

@app.callback(
    Output('rp-mon1-health', 'value'),
    [Input('rp-mon1-name', 'value')]
)
def update_health(monster):
    if monster != '':
        relevant = [m for m in monster_data if m['name'] == monster]
        return relevant[0]['health']
    else:
        return 11

这是大量相同的重复，如果我稍后需要实现修复，则很糟糕。理想情况下，我可以执行以下操作:

@app.callback(
    Output('rp-mon1-health', 'value'),
    [Input('rp-mon1-name', 'value')]
)
@app.callback(
    Output('rp-mon2-health', 'value'),
    [Input('rp-mon2-name', 'value')]
)
@app.callback(
    Output('rp-mon3-health', 'value'),
    [Input('rp-mon3-name', 'value')]
)
def update_health(monster):
    if monster != '':
        relevant = [m for m in monster_data if m['name'] == monster]
        return relevant[0]['health']
    else:
        return 11

但是，以上最终没有回拨前两个，只有最后一个。我的代码如下。

import json

import dash
import dash_core_components as dcc
import dash_html_components as html
from dash.dependencies import Input, Output

monster_data = json.loads('''[{
    "name": "Ares Mothership",
    "health": 14,
    "transition": 2
  },{
    "name": "Cthugrosh",
    "health": 7,
    "transition": 3
  }]''')
monster_names = [{'label': m['name'], 'value': m['name']} for m in monster_data]
monster_names.append({'label': 'None', 'value': ''})

app = dash.Dash(__name__)


def gen_monster(player, i):
    name = 'Monster #%d:  ' % i
    id_gen = '%s-mon%d' % (player, i)
    output = html.Div([
        html.Label('%s Name   ' % name),
        html.Br(),
        dcc.Dropdown(
            options=monster_names,
            value='',
            id='%s-name' % id_gen
        ),
        html.Br(),
        html.Label('Health'),
        html.Br(),
        dcc.Input(value=11, type='number', id='%s-health' % id_gen),
        html.Br(),
        html.Label('Hyper Transition'),
        html.Br(),
        dcc.Input(value=6, type='number', id='%s-state' % id_gen),
    ], style={'border': 'dotted 1px black'})
    return output


app.layout = html.Div(children=[
    html.H1(children='Monsterpocalypse Streaming Stats Manager'),

    html.Div([
        html.Div([
            html.Label('Left Player Name: '),
            dcc.Input(value='Mark', type='text', id='lp-name'),
            gen_monster('lp', 1),
            html.Br(),
            gen_monster('lp', 2),
            html.Br(),
            gen_monster('lp', 3)
        ], style={'width': '300px'}),

        html.Br(),

        html.Div([
            html.Label('Right Player Name: '),
            dcc.Input(value='Benjamin', type='text'),
            gen_monster('rp', 1),
            html.Br(),
            gen_monster('rp', 2),
            html.Br(),
            gen_monster('rp', 3)
        ], style={'width': '300px'})
    ], style={'columnCount': 2}),

    html.Div(id='dummy1'),
    html.Div(id='dummy2')
])

@app.callback(
    Output('rp-mon1-health', 'value'),
    [Input('rp-mon1-name', 'value')]
)
def update_health(monster):
    if monster != '':
        relevant = [m for m in monster_data if m['name'] == monster]
        return relevant[0]['health']
    else:
        return 11


@app.callback(
    Output('rp-mon1-state', 'value'),
    [Input('rp-mon1-name', 'value')]
)
def update_health(monster):
    if monster != '':
        relevant = [m for m in monster_data if m['name'] == monster]
        return relevant[0]['transition']
    else:
        return 6


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run_server(debug=True)

Answer 1

你可以这样做:

def update_health(monster):
    if monster != '':
        relevant = [m for m in monster_data if m['name'] == monster]
        return relevant[0]['health']
    else:
        return 11


@app.callback(
    Output('rp-mon1-health', 'value'),
    [Input('rp-mon1-name', 'value')]
)
def monster_1_callback(*args, **kwargs):
    return update_health(*args, **kwargs)

@app.callback(
    Output('rp-mon2-health', 'value'),
    [Input('rp-mon2-name', 'value')]
)
def monster_2_callback(*args, **kwargs):
    return update_health(*args, **kwargs)


@app.callback(
    Output('rp-mon3-health', 'value'),
    [Input('rp-mon3-name', 'value')]
)
def monster_3_callback(*args, **kwargs):
    return update_health(*args, **kwargs)

现在包含逻辑的函数只写了一次，其他函数是简单的传递，你不应该需要更新。