.net - 如何每秒更新一次 WPF 绑定(bind)？

Question

我想向用户显示自某些事件发生以来已经过去了多少秒。从概念上讲，我的 View 模型具有如下属性:

public DateTime OccurredAtUtc { get; set; }

public int SecondsSinceOccurrence
{
    get { return (int)(DateTime.UtcNow - OccurredAtUtc).TotalSeconds; }
}

如果我绑定(bind)一个 TextBlock.Text属性(property)给 SecondsSinceOccurrence ，该值出现但它是静态的。时间的流逝并不反射(reflect)这一事件的年龄越来越大。

<!-- static value won't update as time passes -->
<TextBlock Text="{Binding SecondsSinceOccurrence}" />

我可以在我的 View 模型中创建一个触发 PropertyChanged 的计时器每秒，但 UI 中可能有很多这样的元素(它是 ItemsControl 中项目的模板)，我不想创建那么多计时器。

我对 Storyboard动画的了解不是很好。 WPF 动画框架可以在这种情况下提供帮助吗？

Answer 1

纯粹的 MVVM 解决方案

用法

<Label xmlns:b="clr-namespace:Lloyd.Shared.Behaviors"
       xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity"
       Content="{Binding MyContent}" Width="80" Foreground="{Binding MyColor}">
    <i:Interaction.Behaviors>
        <b:PeriodicBindingUpdateBehavior Interval="0:00:01" Property="{x:Static ContentControl.ContentProperty}" Mode="UpdateTarget" />
        <b:PeriodicBindingUpdateBehavior Interval="0:00:01" Property="{x:Static Control.ForegroundProperty}" Mode="UpdateTarget" />
    </i:Interaction.Behaviors>
</Label>

依赖

请注意 http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity命名空间在名为 System.Windows.Interactivity.WPF 的 NuGet 包下可用.如果您在 blend 中打开项目，它也会自动添加。

复制并粘贴代码

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Interactivity;

namespace Lloyd.Shared.Behaviors
{
    public class PeriodicBindingUpdateBehavior : Behavior<DependencyObject>
    {
        public TimeSpan Interval { get; set; }
        public DependencyProperty Property { get; set; }
        public PeriodicBindingUpdateMode Mode { get; set; } = PeriodicBindingUpdateMode.UpdateTarget;
        private WeakTimer timer;
        private TimerCallback timerCallback;
        protected override void OnAttached()
        {
            if (Interval == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Interval));
            if (Property == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Property));
            //Save a reference to the callback of the timer so this object will keep the timer alive but not vice versa.
            timerCallback = s =>
            {
                try
                {
                    switch (Mode)
                    {
                        case PeriodicBindingUpdateMode.UpdateTarget:
                            Dispatcher.Invoke(() => BindingOperations.GetBindingExpression(AssociatedObject, Property)?.UpdateTarget());
                            break;
                        case PeriodicBindingUpdateMode.UpdateSource:
                            Dispatcher.Invoke(() => BindingOperations.GetBindingExpression(AssociatedObject, Property)?.UpdateSource());
                            break;
                    }
                }
                catch (TaskCanceledException) { }//This exception will be thrown when application is shutting down.
            };
            timer = new WeakTimer(timerCallback, null, Interval, Interval);

            base.OnAttached();
        }

        protected override void OnDetaching()
        {
            timer.Dispose();
            timerCallback = null;
            base.OnDetaching();
        }
    }

    public enum PeriodicBindingUpdateMode
    {
        UpdateTarget, UpdateSource
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Wraps up a <see cref="System.Threading.Timer"/> with only a <see cref="WeakReference"/> to the callback so that the timer does not prevent GC from collecting the object that uses this timer.
    /// Your object must hold a reference to the callback passed into this timer.
    /// </summary>
    public class WeakTimer : IDisposable
    {
        private Timer timer;
        private WeakReference<TimerCallback> weakCallback;
        public WeakTimer(TimerCallback callback)
        {
            timer = new Timer(OnTimerCallback);
            weakCallback = new WeakReference<TimerCallback>(callback);
        }

        public WeakTimer(TimerCallback callback, object state, int dueTime, int period)
        {
            timer = new Timer(OnTimerCallback, state, dueTime, period);
            weakCallback = new WeakReference<TimerCallback>(callback);
        }

        public WeakTimer(TimerCallback callback, object state, TimeSpan dueTime, TimeSpan period)
        {
            timer = new Timer(OnTimerCallback, state, dueTime, period);
            weakCallback = new WeakReference<TimerCallback>(callback);
        }

        public WeakTimer(TimerCallback callback, object state, uint dueTime, uint period)
        {
            timer = new Timer(OnTimerCallback, state, dueTime, period);
            weakCallback = new WeakReference<TimerCallback>(callback);
        }

        public WeakTimer(TimerCallback callback, object state, long dueTime, long period)
        {
            timer = new Timer(OnTimerCallback, state, dueTime, period);
            weakCallback = new WeakReference<TimerCallback>(callback);
        }

        private void OnTimerCallback(object state)
        {
            if (weakCallback.TryGetTarget(out TimerCallback callback))
                callback(state); 
            else
                timer.Dispose();
        }

        public bool Change(int dueTime, int period)
        {
            return timer.Change(dueTime, period);
        }
        public bool Change(TimeSpan dueTime, TimeSpan period)
        {
            return timer.Change(dueTime, period);
        }

        public bool Change(uint dueTime, uint period)
        {
            return timer.Change(dueTime, period);
        }

        public bool Change(long dueTime, long period)
        {
            return timer.Change(dueTime, period);
        }

        public bool Dispose(WaitHandle notifyObject)
        {
            return timer.Dispose(notifyObject);
        }
        public void Dispose()
        {
            timer.Dispose();
        }
    }
}