flask - Sqlalchemy - 当数据有关系时如何正确地将数据批量插入到数据库中

Question

我有一行行的数据文件。每件事都有一个基因列在其中。这是一对多的关系，因为每个基因都可以是多个事物的一部分，但每个事物只能有一个基因。

想象一下大致像这样的模型:

class Gene(db.Model):

    __tablename__ = "gene"

    id          = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)

    name1   = db.Column(db.Integer, index=True, unique=True, nullable=False)  # nullable might be not right
    name2   = db.Column(db.String(120), index=True, unique=True)

    things = db.relationship("Thing", back_populates='gene')

    def __init__(self, name1, name2=None):
        self.name1 = name1
        self.name2 = name2

    @classmethod
    def find_or_create(cls, name1, name2=None):
        record = cls.query.filter_by(name1=name1).first()
        if record != None:
            if record.name2 == None and name2 != None:
                record.name2 = name2
        else:
            record = cls(name1, name2)
            db.session.add(record)
        return record


class Thing(db.Model):

    __tablename__ = "thing"

    id          = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)

    gene_id     = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("gene.id"), nullable=False, index=True)
    gene        = db.relationship("Gene", back_populates='thing')

    data    = db.Column(db.Integer)

我想批量插入很多东西，但恐怕通过使用

    db.engine.execute(Thing.__table__.insert(), things)

我不会有数据库中的关系。是否有某种方法可以通过批量添加来保留关系，或者以某种方式依次添加这些关系，然后在以后建立关系？全部 the documentation about bulk adding似乎假设您想插入极其简单的模型，而当您的模型更复杂时，我对如何执行此操作感到有些困惑(上面的示例是简化版)。

-- 更新 1 --

This answer似乎表明没有真正的解决方案。

This answer似乎证实了这一点。

Answer 1

我实际上对我的代码进行了相当多的更改，我认为它有所改进，并且我也在此处更改了我的答案。

我定义了以下 2 个表。 Sets 和 Data，对于 Sets 中的每个 set，Data 中有很多数据。

class Sets(sa_dec_base):
    __tablename__ = 'Sets'
    id = sa.Column(sa.Integer, primary_key=True)
    FileName = sa.Column(sa.String(250), nullable=False)
    Channel = sa.Column(sa.Integer, nullable=False)
    Loop = sa.Column(sa.Integer, nullable=False)
    Frequencies = sa.Column(sa.Integer, nullable=False)
    Date = sa.Column(sa.String(250), nullable=False)
    Time = sa.Column(sa.String(250), nullable=False)
    Instrument = sa.Column(sa.String(250), nullable=False)
    Set_Data = sa_orm.relationship('Data')
    Set_RTD_spectra = sa_orm.relationship('RTD_spectra')
    Set_RTD_info = sa.orm.relationship('RTD_info')
    __table_args__ = (sa.UniqueConstraint('FileName', 'Channel', 'Loop'),)
class Data(sa_dec_base):
    __tablename__ = 'Data'
    id = sa.Column(sa.Integer, primary_key = True)
    Frequency = sa.Column(sa.Float, nullable=False)
    Magnitude = sa.Column(sa.Float, nullable=False)
    Phase = sa.Column(sa.Float, nullable=False)
    Set_ID = sa.Column(sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('Sets.id'))
    Data_Set = sa_orm.relationship('Sets', foreign_keys = [Set_ID])

然后，我将这个函数写入了有关系的bulk_insert数据。

def insert_set_data(session, set2insert, data2insert, Data):
""" 
Insert set and related data; with uniqueconstraint check on the set
set2insert is the prepared set object without id. A correct and unique id will given by the db itself 
data2insert is a big pandas df, so that bulk_insert is used
"""

session.add(set2insert)
try:
    session.flush()
except sa.exc.IntegrityError as err: # here catch uniqueconstraint error if set already in db
    session.rollback()
    print('already inserted ', set2insert.FileName, 'loop ', set2insert.Loop, 'channel ', set2insert.Channel)
    pass
else: # if not error, flush will give the id to the set ("Set.id")
    data2insert['Set_ID'] = set2insert.id # pass Set.id to data2insert as foreign_keys to keep relationship
    data2insert = data2insert.to_dict(orient = 'records') # convert df to record for bulk_insert
    session.bulk_insert_mappings(Data, data2insert) # bulk_insert
    session.commit() # commit only once, so that it is done only if set and data were correctly inserted
    print('inserting ', set2insert.FileName, 'loop ', set2insert.Loop, 'channel ', set2insert.Channel)

无论如何，可能其他更好的解决方案是可能的。