python - 找不到 'cairo.Context' 的外部结构转换器

Question

又是我。这是与我正在做的一个名为“Twitter 数据上的情绪分析”的项目相关的代码。以下代码基本上用于显示我收到以下错误的正面和负面推文的数量。

from pyspark import SparkConf, SparkContext
from pyspark.streaming import StreamingContext
from pyspark.streaming.kafka import KafkaUtils
import operator
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


def main():
        conf = SparkConf().setMaster("local[2]").setAppName("Streamer")
        sc = SparkContext(conf=conf)

        # Creating a streaming context with batch interval of 10 sec
        ssc = StreamingContext(sc, 10)
        ssc.checkpoint("checkpoint")
        pwords = load_wordlist("positive.txt")
        nwords = load_wordlist("negative.txt")
        counts = stream(ssc, pwords, nwords, 100)
        make_plot(counts)


def make_plot(counts):
        """
        This function plots the counts of positive and negative words for each timestep.
        """
        positiveCounts = []
        negativeCounts = []
        time = []

        for val in counts:
        positiveTuple = val[0]
        positiveCounts.append(positiveTuple[1])
        negativeTuple = val[1]
        negativeCounts.append(negativeTuple[1])

        for i in range(len(counts)):
        time.append(i)

        posLine = plt.plot(time, positiveCounts,'bo-', label='Positive')
        negLine = plt.plot(time, negativeCounts,'go-', label='Negative')
        plt.axis([0, len(counts), 0, max(max(positiveCounts), max(negativeCounts))+50])
        plt.xlabel('Time step')
        plt.ylabel('Word count')
        plt.legend(loc = 'upper left')
    plt.show()


def load_wordlist(filename):
    """ 
    This function returns a list or set of words from the given filename.
    """ 
    words = {}
    f = open(filename, 'rU')
    text = f.read()
    text = text.split('\n')
    for line in text:
        words[line] = 1
    f.close()
    return words


def wordSentiment(word,pwords,nwords):
    if word in pwords:
    return ('positive', 1)
    elif word in nwords:
    return ('negative', 1)


def updateFunction(newValues, runningCount):
    if runningCount is None:
       runningCount = 0
    return sum(newValues, runningCount) 


def sendRecord(record):
    connection = createNewConnection()
    connection.send(record)
    connection.close()


def stream(ssc, pwords, nwords, duration):
    kstream = KafkaUtils.createDirectStream(
    ssc, topics = ['twitterstream'], kafkaParams = {"metadata.broker.list": 'localhost:9092'})
    tweets = kstream.map(lambda x: x[1].encode("ascii", "ignore"))

    # Each element of tweets will be the text of a tweet.
    # We keep track of a running total counts and print it at every time step.
    words = tweets.flatMap(lambda line:line.split(" "))
    positive = words.map(lambda word: ('Positive', 1) if word in pwords else ('Positive', 0))
    negative = words.map(lambda word: ('Negative', 1) if word in nwords else ('Negative', 0))
    allSentiments = positive.union(negative)
    sentimentCounts = allSentiments.reduceByKey(lambda x,y: x+y)
    runningSentimentCounts = sentimentCounts.updateStateByKey(updateFunction)
    runningSentimentCounts.pprint()

    # The counts variable hold the word counts for all time steps
    counts = []
    sentimentCounts.foreachRDD(lambda t, rdd: counts.append(rdd.collect()))

    # Start the computation
    ssc.start() 
    ssc.awaitTerminationOrTimeout(duration)
    ssc.stop(stopGraceFully = True)

    return counts


if __name__=="__main__":
    main()

错误恰好如下:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3.py", line 343, in idle_draw
    self.draw()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3.py", line 336, in draw
    self.get_property("window").process_updates (False)
TypeError: Couldn't find foreign struct converter for 'cairo.Context'

Answer 1

看到这个 Github discussion .例如尝试:

sudo apt-get install python-gi-cairo