python-3.x - python 3.5 : "TypeError: memoryview: a bytes-like object is required, not ' str'"

Question

我正在使用 python 3.5.2和爬虫 1.1.1 .

运行以下代码时出现错误:

#-*- coding:utf-8-*-

import random
import base64


class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)
        if proxy['user_pass'] is not None:
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']
            encoded_user_pass = base64.encodebytes(proxy['user_pass'])
            request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + encoded_user_pass
            print("ok!" + proxy['ip_port'])
        else:
            print("fail!" + proxy['ip_port'])
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']

错误:

  File "C:\Users\dell\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\base64.py", line 518, in _input_type_check
    m = memoryview(s)
    TypeError: memoryview: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

我认为错误与这句话有关:

encoded_user_pass = base64.encodebytes(proxy['user_pass'])

但我不知道如何解决它。
请一些帮助，
提前致谢!

编辑:

encoded_user_pass = base64.encodebytes(proxy['user_pass'])

改为

encoded_user_pass = base64.encodebytes(proxy['user_pass'].encode())

还有一个错误:

    request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + encoded_user_pass
TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly

我该怎么办？

Answer 1

功能 base64.encodebytes()期待字节值，似乎您正在为它提供一个字符串。

要解决这个问题，您可以简单地对字符串值进行编码(encode() 函数将您的字符串对象转换为字节对象):

base64.encodebytes('foo'.encode())

或者在你的情况下:

encoded_user_pass = base64.encodebytes(proxy['user_pass'].encode())