delphi - 泛型和 Marshal/UnMarshal。我在这里缺少什么？第 2 部分 :-)

Question

跟进我之前的问题: Generics and Marshal / UnMarshal. What am I missing here?

在“第 1 部分”(上面的链接)中，TOndrej 提供了一个很好的解决方案 - 但在 XE2 上失败了。在这里我提供了更正的来源来纠正这个问题。

我觉得有必要进一步扩展这个问题。所以我想听听大家如何做到这一点:

首先 - 要使源代码在 XE2 和 XE2 更新 1 上运行，请进行以下更改:

Marshal.RegisterConverter(TTestObject,
  function (Data: TObject): String // <-- String here
  begin
    Result := T(Data).Marshal.ToString; // <-- ToString here
  end
  );

为什么？我认为与 XE2 相关的唯一原因是有更多的 RTTI 信息可用。因此它将尝试编码(marshal)返回的 TObject。我走在正确的轨道上吗？欢迎大家发表评论。

更重要 - 该示例未实现 UnMarshal 方法。如果有人可以制作一个并将其发布在这里，我会很高兴:-)

我希望您仍然对这个主题感兴趣。

亲切的问候比亚内

Answer 1

除了这个问题的答案之外，我还在这里发布了您上一个问题的解决方法:Generics and Marshal / UnMarshal. What am I missing here?

出于某种原因，使用 TJsonobject 的非默认构造函数会导致 XE2 中出现问题 - 使用默认构造函数“修复”了该问题。

首先，您需要将 TTestobject 移动到其自己的单元 - 否则，RTTI 在尝试解码时将无法找到/创建您的对象。

    unit uTestObject;

    interface

    uses
      SysUtils, Classes, Contnrs, Generics.Defaults, Generics.Collections, DbxJson, DbxJsonReflect;

    type
      {$RTTI EXPLICIT METHODS([]) PROPERTIES([vcPublished]) FIELDS([vcPrivate])}
      TTestObject=class(TObject)
      private
        aList:TStringList;
      public
        constructor Create; overload;
        constructor Create(list: array of string); overload;
        constructor Create(list:TStringList); overload;
        destructor Destroy; override;
        function Marshal:TJSonObject;
        class function Unmarshal(value: TJSONObject): TTestObject;
      published
        property List: TStringList read aList write aList;
      end;

    implementation

    { TTestObject }

    constructor TTestObject.Create;

    begin
      inherited Create;
      aList:=TStringList.Create;
    end;

    constructor TTestObject.Create(list: array of string);

    var
      I:Integer;

    begin
      Create;
      for I:=low(list) to high(list) do
        begin
          aList.Add(list[I]);
        end;
    end;

    constructor TTestObject.Create(list:TStringList);

    begin
      Create;
      aList.Assign(list);
    end;

    destructor TTestObject.Destroy;

    begin
      aList.Free;
      inherited;
    end;

    function TTestObject.Marshal:TJSonObject;

    var
      Mar:TJSONMarshal;

    begin
      Mar:=TJSONMarshal.Create();
      try
        Mar.RegisterConverter(TStringList,
          function(Data:TObject):TListOfStrings

          var
            I, Count:Integer;
          begin
            Count:=TStringList(Data).Count;
            SetLength(Result, Count);
            for I:=0 to Count-1 do
              Result[I]:=TStringList(Data)[I];
          end);
        Result:=Mar.Marshal(Self) as TJSonObject;
      finally
        Mar.Free;
      end;
    end;

    class function TTestObject.Unmarshal(value: TJSONObject): TTestObject;

    var
      Mar: TJSONUnMarshal;
      L: TStringList;

    begin
      Mar := TJSONUnMarshal.Create();
      try
        Mar.RegisterReverter(TStringList,
          function(Data: TListOfStrings): TObject

          var
            I, Count: Integer;
          begin
            Count := Length(Data);
            Result:=TStringList.Create;
            for I := 0 to Count - 1 do
              TStringList(Result).Add(string(Data[I]));
          end
        );
        //UnMarshal will attempt to create a TTestObject from the TJSONObject data
        //using RTTI lookup - for that to function, the type MUST be defined in a unit
        Result:=Mar.UnMarshal(Value) as TTestObject;
      finally
        Mar.Free;
      end;
    end;

    end.

另请注意，构造函数已被重载 - 这使您可以看到代码可以正常运行，而无需在创建过程中预先填充对象中的数据。

这是通用类列表对象的实现

    unit uTestObjectList;

    interface

    uses
      SysUtils, Classes, Contnrs, Generics.Defaults, Generics.Collections,
      DbxJson, DbxJsonReflect, uTestObject;

    type
      {$RTTI EXPLICIT METHODS([]) PROPERTIES([]) FIELDS([])}
      TTestObjectList<T:TTestObject,constructor> = class(TObjectList<T>)
      public
        function Marshal: TJSonObject;
        constructor Create;
        class function Unmarshal(value: TJSONObject): TTestObjectList<T>; static;
      end;

    //Note: this MUST be present and initialized/finalized so that
    //delphi will keep the RTTI information for the generic class available
    //also, it MUST be "project global" - not "module global"
    var
      X:TTestObjectList<TTestObject>;

    implementation

    { TTestObjectList<T> }
    constructor TTestObjectList<T>.Create;
    begin
      inherited Create;
      //removed the add for test data - it corrupts unmarshaling because the data is already present at creation
    end;

    function TTestObjectList<T>.Marshal: TJSonObject;
    var
      Marshal: TJsonMarshal;
    begin
      Marshal := TJSONMarshal.Create;
      try
        Marshal.RegisterConverter(TTestObjectList<T>,
          function(Data: TObject): TListOfObjects
          var
            I: integer;

          begin
            SetLength(Result,TTestObjectlist<T>(Data).Count);
            for I:=0 to TTestObjectlist<T>(Data).Count-1 do
              Result[I]:=TTestObjectlist<T>(Data)[I];
          end
        );
        Result := Marshal.Marshal(Self) as TJSONObject;
      finally
        Marshal.Free;
      end;
    end;

    class function TTestObjectList<T>.Unmarshal(value: TJSONObject): TTestObjectList<T>;

    var
      Mar: TJSONUnMarshal;
      L: TStringList;

    begin
      Mar := TJSONUnMarshal.Create();
      try
        Mar.RegisterReverter(TTestObjectList<T>,
          function(Data: TListOfObjects): TObject
          var
            I, Count: Integer;
          begin
            Count := Length(Data);
            Result:=TTestObjectList<T>.Create;
            for I := 0 to Count - 1 do
              TTestObjectList<T>(Result).Unmarshal(TJSONObject(Data[I]));
          end
        );
        //UnMarshal will attempt to create a TTestObjectList<TTestObject> from the TJSONObject data
        //using RTTI lookup - for that to function, the type MUST be defined in a unit,
        //and, because it is generic, there must be a GLOBAL VARIABLE instantiated
        //so that Delphi keeps the RTTI information avaialble
        Result:=Mar.UnMarshal(Value) as TTestObjectList<T>;
      finally
        Mar.Free;
      end;
    end;


    initialization
      //force delphi RTTI into maintaining the Generic class information in memory
      x:=TTestObjectList<TTestObject>.Create;

    finalization
      X.Free;

    end.

有几件事需要注意:如果在运行时创建通用类，则不会保留 RTTI 信息，除非内存中有对该类的全局可访问对象引用。参见这里:Delphi: RTTI and TObjectList<TObject>

因此，上述单元创建了这样一个变量并使其实例化，如链接文章中所述。

主要过程已更新，显示了两个对象的数据编码和解码:

    procedure Main;
    var
      aTestobj,
      bTestObj,
      cTestObj : TTestObject;
      aList,
      bList : TTestObjectList<TTestObject>;
      aJsonObject,
      bJsonObject,
      cJsonObject : TJsonObject;

      s: string;

    begin
      aTestObj := TTestObject.Create(['one','two','three','four']);
      aJsonObject := aTestObj.Marshal;
      s:=aJsonObject.ToString;
      Writeln(s);

      bJsonObject:=TJsonObject.Create;
      bJsonObject.Parse(BytesOf(s),0,length(s));

      bTestObj:=TTestObject.Unmarshal(bJsonObject) as TTestObject;
      writeln(bTestObj.List.Text);

      writeln('TTestObject marshaling complete.');
      readln;

      aList := TTestObjectList<TTestObject>.Create;
      aList.Add(TTestObject.Create(['one','two']));
      aList.Add(TTestObject.Create(['three']));
      aJsonObject := aList.Marshal;
      s:=aJsonObject.ToString;
      Writeln(s);

      cJSonObject:=TJsonObject.Create;
      cJSonObject.Parse(BytesOf(s),0,length(s));
      bList:=TTestObjectList<TTestObject>.Unmarshal(cJSonObject) as TTestObjectList<TTestObject>;
      for cTestObj in bList do
        begin
          writeln(cTestObj.List.Text);
        end;

      writeln('TTestObjectList<TTestObject> marshaling complete.');
      Readln;
    end;