nim-lang - 从序列中解包多个变量

Question

我期待下面的代码打印 chr7 .

import strutils

var splitLine = "chr7    127471196  127472363  Pos1  0  +".split()
var chrom, startPos, endPos = splitLine[0..2]
echo chrom

相反，它打印 @[chr7, 127471196, 127472363] .

有没有办法同时从序列中解压多个值？

如果元素不连续，那么执行上述操作的最简洁方法是什么？例如:

var chrom, startPos, strand = splitLine[0..1, 5]

给出错误:

read_bed.nim(8, 40) Error: type mismatch: got (seq[string], Slice[system.int], int literal(5))
but expected one of:
system.[](a: array[Idx, T], x: Slice[system.int])
system.[](s: string, x: Slice[system.int])
system.[](a: array[Idx, T], x: Slice[[].Idx])
system.[](s: seq[T], x: Slice[system.int])

  var chrom, startPos, strand = splitLine[0..1, 5]
                                         ^

Answer 1

这可以使用宏来完成。

import macros

macro `..=`*(lhs: untyped, rhs: tuple|seq|array): auto =
  # Check that the lhs is a tuple of identifiers.
  expectKind(lhs, nnkPar)
  for i in 0..len(lhs)-1:
    expectKind(lhs[i], nnkIdent)
  # Result is a statement list starting with an
  # assignment to a tmp variable of rhs.
  let t = genSym()
  result = newStmtList(quote do:
    let `t` = `rhs`)
  # assign each component to the corresponding
  # variable.
  for i in 0..len(lhs)-1:
    let v = lhs[i]
    # skip assignments to _.
    if $v.toStrLit != "_":
      result.add(quote do:
        `v` = `t`[`i`])

macro headAux(count: int, rhs: seq|array|tuple): auto =
  let t = genSym()
  result = quote do:
    let `t` = `rhs`
    ()
  for i in 0..count.intVal-1:
    result[1].add(quote do:
      `t`[`i`])

template head*(count: static[int], rhs: untyped): auto =
  # We need to redirect this through a template because
  # of a bug in the current Nim compiler when using
  # static[int] with macros.
  headAux(count, rhs)

var x, y: int
(x, y) ..= (1, 2)
echo x, y
(x, _) ..= (3, 4)
echo x, y
(x, y) ..= @[4, 5, 6]
echo x, y
let z = head(2, @[4, 5, 6])
echo z
(x, y) ..= head(2, @[7, 8, 9])
echo x, y

..=宏解包元组或序列分配。您可以使用 var (x, y) = (1, 2) 完成相同的操作，例如，但是 ..=也适用于 seq 和数组，并允许您重用变量。
head模板/宏提取第一个 count元组、数组或序列中的元素并将它们作为元组返回(然后可以像任何其他元组一样使用，例如用于使用 let 或 var 进行解构)。