Delphi:更好的设计以避免循环单元引用？

Question

我在 Delphi 10 中有一个三角形网格结构。

出于性能原因，我将网格顶点、三角形面等的数据存储在 TList 的后代中。

我让 TList 为列表中的每个成员进行计算。对于这些计算，我需要访问 TMesh 结构的某些字段。因此，在创建 TMesh 以及随后创建列表的过程中，我将父 TMesh 分配给列表。我使用 TMesh 的前向声明来执行此操作。请看下面的代码:

type
  {forward declaration}
  TMesh=class;

  TVertex=record
    Point: TPoint3D;
    //other fields
  end;

  TVertices=class(TList<TVertex>)
    Mesh: TMesh;
    procedure DoSomethingWithAllVertices; //uses some fields of TMesh
    constructor Create(const AMesh: TMesh);
    //other methods
  end;

  TTriangleFace=record
    Vertices: Array[0..2] of Integer;
    //other fields
  end;

  TTriangleFaces=class(TList<TTriangleFace>)
    Mesh: TMesh;
    procedure DoSomethingWithAllTriangleFaces; //uses some fields of TMesh
    constructor Create(const AMesh: TMesh);
    //other methods
  end;

  TMesh=class(TComponent)
    Vertices: TVertices;
    TriangleFaces: TTriangleFaces;
    constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent);
    //other fields & methods
  end;

implementation

constructor TMesh.Create(AOwner: TComponent);
begin
  inherited;
  Vertices:=TVertices.Create(Self);
  TriangleFaces:=TTriangleFaces.Create(Self);
end;

constructor TVertices.Create(const AMesh: TMesh);
begin
  Mesh:=AMesh;
end;

这很好用。

但是，由于我的项目不断增长，我得到的代码越来越多，我想将列表类分布在单独的单元中。这导致了循环单元引用的问题。

循环单元引用的问题似乎众所周知。我检查了可能的解决方案，但找不到适合我的问题的解决方案。有人说，如果遇到循环单元引用，则代码设计得很糟糕。

如何改进设计并同时保持较高的计算性能？

解决问题的其他可能性是什么？

非常感谢!

Answer 1

前向声明不能跨单元工作。当一个单元转发声明一个记录/类时，同一单元也必须定义该记录/类。

我建议定义一个 TMesh 实现的 IMesh 接口(interface)，然后让 TVertices 和 TTriangleFaces 使用 IMesh 而不是直接使用 TMesh。这样，就不存在循环引用，并且该接口(interface)可以公开所需的任何字段值的属性。而且 TComponent 禁用已实现接口(interface)的引用计数，因此内存泄漏不是问题。

MeshIntf.pas:

unit MeshIntf;

interface

type
  IMesh = interface(IInterface)
    ['{30315BC6-9A2E-4430-96BB-297D11C9DB5D}']
    // methods for performing common tasks...
    // properties for reading/setting needed values...
  end;

implementation

end.

顶点.pas:

unit Vertices;

interface

uses
  System.Types, System.Generics.Collections, MeshIntf;

type
  TVertex = record
    Point: TPoint3D;
    //other fields
  end;

  TVertices = class(TList<TVertex>)
  public
    Mesh: IMesh;
    constructor Create(const AMesh: IMesh); reintroduce;
    procedure DoSomethingWithAllVertices;
    //other methods
  end;

implementation

constructor TVertices.Create(const AMesh: IMesh);
begin
  inherited Create;
  Mesh := AMesh;
end;

procedure TVertices.DoSomethingWithAllVertices;
begin
  // use properties/methods of Mesh as needed...
end;

end.

TriangleFaces.pas:

unit TriangleFaces;

interface

uses
  System.Generics.Collections, MeshIntf;

type
  TTriangleFace = record
    Vertices: Array[0..2] of Integer;
    //other fields
  end;

  TTriangleFaces = class(TList<TTriangleFace>)
  public
    Mesh: IMesh;
    constructor Create(const AMesh: IMesh); reintroduce;
    procedure DoSomethingWithAllTriangleFaces;
    //other methods
  end;

implementation

constructor TTriangleFaces.Create(const AMesh: IMesh);
begin
  inherited Create;
  Mesh := AMesh;
end;

procedure TTriangleFaces.DoSomethingWithAllTriangleFaces;
begin
  // use properties/methods of Mesh as needed...
end;

end.

网格.pas:

unit Mesh;

interface

uses
  Classes, MeshIntf, Vertices, TriangleFaces;

type
  TMesh = class(TComponent, IMesh)
  public
    Vertices: TVertices;
    TriangleFaces: TTriangleFaces;
    constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent); override;
    destructor Destroy; override;
    //other fields & methods, and IMesh implementation
  end;

implementation

constructor TMesh.Create(AOwner: TComponent);
begin
  inherited;
  Vertices := TVertices.Create(Self as IMesh);
  TriangleFaces := TTriangleFaces.Create(Self as IMesh);
end;

destructor TMesh.Destroy;
begin
  Vertices.Free;
  TriangleFaces.Free;
  inherited;
end;

end.

如果您不需要 TMesh 在设计时可供表单设计器和对象检查器使用，则应从 TInterfacedObject 而不是 派生它TComponent。但随后您需要进行一些小调整才能正确处理引用计数(TComponent 禁用)。特别是，TVertices 和 TTriangleFaces 需要使用弱引用，以免增加 TMesh 的引用计数并导致内存泄漏(因为在这种情况下其引用计数将永远降至 0):

MeshIntf.pas:

unit MeshIntf;

interface

uses
  System.Types;

type
  TVertex = record
    Point: TPoint3D;
    //other fields
  end;

  IVertices = interface(IInterface)
    ['{97A70A11-C8B6-4DBC-807B-B9E0C6953B9E}']
    // methods for performing tasks...
    procedure DoSomethingWithAllVertices;
    function GetVertex(Index: Integer): TVertex;
    // properties for reading/setting values...
    property Vertex[Index: Integer]: TVertex read GetVertex;
  end;

  TTriangleFace = record
    Vertices: Array[0..2] of Integer;
    //other fields
  end;

  ITriangleFaces = interface(IInterface)
    ['{A1ED479B-7430-4524-A630-FDDE212375BB}']
    // methods for performing tasks...
    procedure DoSomethingWithAllTriangleFaces;
    function GetFace(Index: Integer): TTriangleFace;
    // properties for reading/setting values...
    property Face[Index: Integer]: TTriangleFace read GetFace;
  end;

  IMesh = interface(IInterface)
    ['{30315BC6-9A2E-4430-96BB-297D11C9DB5D}']
    // methods for performing common tasks...
    function GetVertices: IVertices;
    function GetTriangleFaces: ITriangleFaces;
    // properties for reading/setting values...
    property Vertices: IVertices read GetVertices;
    property TriangleFaces: ITriangleFaces read GetTriangleFaces;
  end;

implementation

end.

顶点.pas:

unit Vertices;

interface

uses
  System.Generics.Collections, MeshIntf;

type
  TVertices = class(TInterfacedObject, IVertices)
  private
    // Delphi 10.1 Berlin adds [weak] support to all compilers,
    // it was previously only available on the mobile compilers...
    {$IFDEF WEAKINTFREF}
    [weak] fMesh: IMesh;
    {$ELSE}
    fMesh: Pointer;
    {$ENDIF}

    fVertices: TList<TVertex>;

  public
    constructor Create(AMesh: IMesh);
    destructor Destroy; override;

    //other methods

    // IVertices implementation
    procedure DoSomethingWithAllVertices;
    function GetVertex(Index: Integer): TVertex;
  end;

implementation

constructor TVertices.Create(AMesh: IMesh);
begin
  inherited Create;
  fMesh := {$IFDEF WEAKINTFREF}AMesh{$ELSE}Pointer(AMesh){$ENDIF};
  fVertices := TList<TVertex>.Create;
end;

destructor TVertices.Destroy;
begin
  fVertices.Free;
  inherited;
end;

procedure TVertices.DoSomethingWithAllVertices;
begin
  // use properties of fMesh as needed...

  // if WEAKINTFREF is not defined simply type-cast the Mesh
  // pointer as IMesh(fMesh) when accessing its members...
end;

function TVertices.GetVertex(Index: Integer): TVertex;
begin
  Result := fVertices[Index];
end;

end.

TriangleFaces.pas:

unit TriangleFaces;

interface

uses
  System.Generics.Collections, MeshIntf;

type
  TTriangleFaces = class(TInterfacedObject, ITriangleFaces)
  private
    // Delphi 10.1 Berlin adds [weak] support to all compilers,
    // it was previously only available on the mobile compilers...
    {$IFDEF WEAKINTFREF}
    [weak] fMesh: IMesh;
    {$ELSE}
    fMesh: Pointer;
    {$ENDIF}

    fFaces: TList<TTriangleFace>;

  public
    constructor Create(AMesh: IMesh);
    destructor Destroy; override;

    //other methods

    // ITriangleFaces implementation
    procedure DoSomethingWithAllTriangleFaces;
    function GetFace(Index: Integer): TTriangleFace;
  end;

implementation

constructor TTriangleFaces.Create(AMesh: IMesh);
begin
  inherited Create;
  fMesh := {$IFDEF WEAKINTFREF}AMesh{$ELSE}Pointer(AMesh){$ENDIF};
  fFaces := TList<TTriangleFace>.Create;
end;

destructor TTriangleFaces.Destroy;
begin
  fFaces.Free;
  inherited;
end;

procedure TTriangleFaces.DoSomethingWithAllTriangleFaces;
begin
  // use properties of fMesh as needed...

  // if WEAKINTFREF is not defined simply type-cast the Mesh
  // pointer as IMesh(fMesh) when accessing its members...
end;

function TTriangleFaces.GetFace(Index: Integer): TTriangleFace;
begin
  Result := fFaces[Index];
end;

end.

网格.pas:

unit Mesh;

interface

uses
  MeshIntf;

type
  TMesh = class(TInterfacedObject, IMesh)
  private
    // note, these are *strong* references, not*weak* references!
    fVertices: IVertices;
    fTriangleFaces: ITriangleFaces;

  public
    constructor Create;

    //other fields & methods

    // IMesh implementation
    function GetVertices: IVertices;
    function GetTriangleFaces: ITriangleFaces;
  end;

implementation

uses
  Vertices, TriangleFaces;

constructor TMesh.Create;
begin
  inherited;
  fVertices := TVertices.Create(Self as IMesh);
  fTriangleFaces := TTriangleFaces.Create(Self as IMesh);
end;

function TMesh.GetVertices: IVertices;
begin
  Result := fVertices;
end;

function TMesh.GetTriangleFaces: ITriangleFaces;
begin
  Result := fTriangleFaces;
end;

end.

创建 TMesh 对象时，请确保代码中某处有一个非弱 IMesh 变量，以便它保持事件状态，直到您不再需要它为止:

var
  Meth: IMesh; // or a class member or a global, wherever you need it

Mesh := TMesh.Create;
...
Mesh := nil;

(正确的)引用计数将为您处理剩下的事情。