python - 无法在MacOS上的python中导入opengl.gl

Question

我正在使用OpenGL在python中渲染场景。我的代码在Windows上运行正常，但是由于某些原因，在MacOS上导入opengl.gl时遇到问题。
在python脚本和python控制台中都调用from OpenGL.GL import ...时会出现此问题。
更具体地说，这是我脚本中的确切调用:

from OpenGL.GL import glGenBuffers, glBindBuffer, glBufferData, \
    glGenVertexArrays, glBindVertexArray, glEnableVertexAttribArray, glVertexAttribPointer, \
    glDrawArrays, glUseProgram, glEnable, glDisable, \
    GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_STATIC_DRAW, GL_DEPTH_TEST, \
    GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, \
    GL_TRIANGLES, GL_LINES, GL_LINE_STRIP

这将导致以下错误:

       Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/darwin.py", line 35, in GL
    return ctypesloader.loadLibrary(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/ctypesloader.py", line 36, in loadLibrary
    return _loadLibraryWindows(dllType, name, mode)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/ctypesloader.py", line 89, in _loadLibraryWindows
    return dllType( name, mode )
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/ctypes/__init__.py", line 373, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: ('dlopen(OpenGL, 10): image not found', 'OpenGL', None)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/iyadboustany/Desktop/lensmaster/Lensmaster.py", line 18, in <module>
    from MainWindow import MainWindow
  File "/Users/iyadboustany/Desktop/lensmaster/MainWindow.py", line 14, in <module>
    from Robot import Robot
  File "/Users/iyadboustany/Desktop/lensmaster/Robot.py", line 8, in <module>
    from Graphics.Scene import DHNode
  File "/Users/iyadboustany/Desktop/lensmaster/Graphics/Scene.py", line 13, in <module>
    from OpenGL.GL import glGenBuffers, glBindBuffer, glBufferData, \
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/GL/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from OpenGL import error as _error
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/error.py", line 12, in <module>
    from OpenGL import platform, _configflags
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/__init__.py", line 36, in <module>
    _load()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/__init__.py", line 33, in _load
    plugin.install(globals())
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/baseplatform.py", line 97, in install
    namespace[ name ] = getattr(self,name,None)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/baseplatform.py", line 15, in __get__
    value = self.fget( obj )
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/darwin.py", line 62, in GetCurrentContext
    return self.CGL.CGLGetCurrentContext 
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/baseplatform.py", line 15, in __get__
    value = self.fget( obj )
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/darwin.py", line 45, in CGL
    def CGL(self): return self.GL
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/baseplatform.py", line 15, in __get__
    value = self.fget( obj )
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/darwin.py", line 41, in GL
    raise ImportError("Unable to load OpenGL library", *err.args)
ImportError: ('Unable to load OpenGL library', 'dlopen(OpenGL, 10): image not found', 'OpenGL', None)

注释:

运行glxgears可以正常工作。

我正在运行macOS Big Sur beta(20A5343i)

我正在使用python 3.8.5

我使用pip安装了opengl:pip3 install PyOpenGL PyOpenGL_accelerate

Answer 1

该错误是因为Big Sur在文件系统的标准位置不再具有OpenGL库或其他系统库，而是使用缓存。 PyOpenGL使用ctypes尝试查找OpenGL库，但找不到它。在Python中修复ctypes，以便它将查找该请求请求的库
https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/21241
因此，将来的Python版本应该可以解决该问题。
现在要修复它，您可以编辑PyOpenGL文件OpenGL/platform/ctypesloader.py更改行

    fullName = util.find_library( name )

至

    fullName = '/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/OpenGL'