r - 错误 : Installation of TensorFlow not found

Question

概述

我在从 tensorflow 加载 Python TensorFlow 时遇到问题R 包。

library(tensorflow)
sess <- tf$Session()
#> Error: Installation of TensorFlow not found.
#> 
#> Python environments searched for 'tensorflow' package:
#>  /home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/bin/python3.7
#>  /usr/bin/python2.7
#>  /usr/bin/python2.7
#>  /usr/bin/python3.4
#>  /home/[username]/anaconda3/bin/python3.7
#>  /[censored]/apps/python/python-3.6.5/bin/python3.6
#> 
#> You can install TensorFlow using the install_tensorflow() function.

我有 Anaconda 3、Python 3.7.3 和 R 3.6.0 的全新本地安装。我通过调用 tensorflow::install_tensorflow() 安装了 TensorFlow在没有参数的新 R session 中。

有关的

我知道相关的主题和文章，包括这些。

https://github.com/rstudio/tensorflow/issues/144

https://github.com/rstudio/keras/issues/755

https://tensorflow.rstudio.com/tensorflow/articles/installation.html

Error while installing Tensorflow in R

我阅读了它们并尝试了这些建议，但仍然遇到相同的错误。

配置

reticulate::py_module_available("tensorflow")
#> FALSE
reticulate::conda_list()
#>           name                                               python
#> 1    anaconda3                   /home/[username]/anaconda3/bin/python
#> 2 r-tensorflow /home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/bin/python
reticulate::py_config()
#> python:         /home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/bin/python
#> libpython:      /home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/libpython3.7m.so
#> pythonhome:     /home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow:/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow
#> version:        3.7.3 (default, Mar 27 2019, 22:11:17)  [GCC 7.3.0]
#> numpy:          /home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy
#> numpy_version:  1.16.3
#> tensorflow:     /home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow
#> 
#> python versions found: 
#>  /home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/bin/python
#>  /bin/python
#>  /usr/bin/python
#>  /usr/bin/python3
#>  /home/[username]/anaconda3/bin/python
#>  /home/[username]/.virtualenvs/python-env/bin/python
devtools::session_info()
#> ─ Session info ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>  setting  value                       
#>  version  R version 3.6.0 (2019-04-26)
#>  os       Red Hat Enterprise Linux    
#>  system   x86_64, linux-gnu           
#>  ui       X11                         
#>  language (EN)                        
#>  collate  en_US.UTF-8                 
#>  ctype    en_US.UTF-8                 
#>  tz       America/Indiana/Indianapolis
#>  date     2019-05-06                  
#> 
#> ─ Packages ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>  package     * version date       lib source        
#>  assertthat    0.2.1   2019-03-21 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  backports     1.1.4   2019-04-10 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  base64enc     0.1-3   2015-07-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  callr         3.2.0   2019-03-15 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  cli           1.1.0   2019-03-19 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  crayon        1.3.4   2017-09-16 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  desc          1.2.0   2018-05-01 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  devtools      2.0.2   2019-04-08 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  digest        0.6.18  2018-10-10 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  evaluate      0.13    2019-02-12 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  fs            1.3.0   2019-05-02 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  glue          1.3.1   2019-03-12 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  highr         0.8     2019-03-20 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  htmltools     0.3.6   2017-04-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  jsonlite      1.6     2018-12-07 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  knitr         1.22    2019-03-08 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  lattice       0.20-38 2018-11-04 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  magrittr      1.5     2014-11-22 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  Matrix        1.2-17  2019-03-22 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  memoise       1.1.0   2017-04-21 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  pkgbuild      1.0.3   2019-03-20 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  pkgload       1.0.2   2018-10-29 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  prettyunits   1.0.2   2015-07-13 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  processx      3.3.0   2019-03-10 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  ps            1.3.0   2018-12-21 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  R6            2.4.0   2019-02-14 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  Rcpp          1.0.1   2019-03-17 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  remotes       2.0.4   2019-04-10 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  reticulate    1.12    2019-04-12 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  rlang         0.3.4   2019-04-07 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  rmarkdown     1.12    2019-03-14 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  rprojroot     1.3-2   2018-01-03 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  sessioninfo   1.1.1   2018-11-05 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  stringi       1.4.3   2019-03-12 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  stringr       1.4.0   2019-02-10 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  tensorflow  * 1.13.1  2019-04-05 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  testthat      2.1.1   2019-04-23 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  tfruns        1.4     2018-08-25 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  usethis       1.5.0   2019-04-07 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  whisker       0.3-2   2013-04-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  withr         2.1.2   2018-03-15 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  xfun          0.6     2019-04-02 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#>  yaml          2.2.0   2018-07-25 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)
#> 
#> [1] /home/[username]/R/R-3.6.0/library

编辑 1

从 R 安装的 TensorFlow 版本(在 r-tensorflow 虚拟环境中)似乎无法加载。

Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 27 2019, 22:11:17) 
[GCC 7.3.0] :: Anaconda, Inc. on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tensorflow
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/imp.py", line 242, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/imp.py", line 342, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: /lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.8' not found (required by /home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.so)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/__init__.py", line 24, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow  # pylint: disable=unused-import
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/__init__.py", line 49, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 74, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/imp.py", line 242, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "/home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/imp.py", line 342, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: /lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.8' not found (required by /home/[username]/anaconda3/envs/r-tensorflow/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.so)


Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.

See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/errors

for some common reasons and solutions.  Include the entire stack trace
above this error message when asking for help.

编辑 2

我试过 install_tensorflow()再次加载正确版本的 Python，然后 import tensorflow不再抛出这些错误。然而， tf$Session()仍然失败。还不知道为什么。

Answer 1

我不确定到底是什么问题，但我可能不应该尝试在 HPC 集群的推荐堆栈之上安装 R、Anaconda 和 TensorFlow 的本地副本。当时，我以为我遇到了一些可能由集群的日常维护引起的问题。这些都解决了，我又成功地使用推荐的堆栈了。

standard installation instructions在我所有的个人机器上都能正常工作。 RStudio 的人做了大量的工作来简化它，并且在大多数情况下这个过程很顺利。