delphi - 如何在Delphi中重载Inc(Dec)运算符？

Question

Delphi documentation表示可以重载 Inc 和 Dec 运算符；我认为没有有效的方法可以做到这一点。以下是重载 Inc 运算符的尝试；有些尝试会导致编译错误，有些会导致运行时访问冲突(Delphi XE):

program OverloadInc;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  SysUtils;

type
  TMyInt = record
    FValue: Integer;
//    class operator Inc(var A: TMyInt);   DCC error E2023
    class operator Inc(var A: TMyInt): TMyInt;
    property Value: Integer read FValue write FValue;
  end;

class operator TMyInt.Inc(var A: TMyInt): TMyInt;
begin
  Inc(A.FValue);
  Result:= A;
end;

type
  TMyInt2 = record
    FValue: Integer;
    class operator Inc(A: TMyInt2): TMyInt2;
    property Value: Integer read FValue write FValue;
  end;

class operator TMyInt2.Inc(A: TMyInt2): TMyInt2;
begin
  Result.FValue:= A.FValue + 1;
end;

procedure Test;
var
  A: TMyInt;

begin
  A.FValue:= 0;
  Inc(A);
  Writeln(A.FValue);
end;

procedure Test2;
var
  A: TMyInt2;
  I: Integer;

begin
  A.FValue:= 0;
//  A:= Inc(A);  DCC error E2010
  Writeln(A.FValue);
end;

begin
  try
    Test;     // access violation
//    Test2;
  except
    on E: Exception do
      Writeln(E.ClassName, ': ', E.Message);
  end;
  Readln;
end.

Answer 1

运算符(operator)签名错误。应该是:

class operator Inc(const A: TMyInt): TMyInt;

或

class operator Inc(A: TMyInt): TMyInt;

您不能使用 var 参数。

这个程序

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

type
  TMyInt = record
    FValue: Integer;
    class operator Inc(const A: TMyInt): TMyInt;
    property Value: Integer read FValue write FValue;
  end;

class operator TMyInt.Inc(const A: TMyInt): TMyInt;
begin
  Result.FValue := A.FValue + 1;
end;

procedure Test;
var
  A: TMyInt;
begin
  A.FValue := 0;
  Inc(A);
  Writeln(A.FValue);
end;

begin
  Test;
  Readln;
end.

产生以下输出:

1

Discussion

This is a rather unusual operator when overloaded. In terms of usage the operator is an in-place mutation. However, when overloaded, it works like an addition operator with an implicit addend of one.

So, in the code above this line:

Inc(A);

有效地转化为

A := TMyInt.Inc(A);

然后编译。

如果您想维护真正的就地突变语义，并避免与此运算符相关的复制，那么我相信您需要使用该类型的方法。

procedure Inc; inline;
....
procedure TMyInt.Inc;
begin
  inc(FValue);
end;