nix - nixpkgs.fetchgit中的sha256是什么意思？值(value)从何而来？

Question

我想从 github 添加一个包，就像在下面的示例中一样，但我不知道在哪里可以获得任何给定的 github 源所需的 sha256 哈希值(如下所示)。

有人可以解释一下 sha256 来自哪里，我如何获得给定 github 代码库的 sha256 值？

       ghcjs-jquery = self.callPackage ({ mkDerivation, data-default, ghcjs-base, ghcjs-dom, text }:
          mkDerivation {
            pname = "ghcjs-jquery";
            version = "0.1.0.0";
            src = nixpkgs.fetchgit {
              url = git://github.com/ghcjs/ghcjs-jquery;
              rev = "c5eeeafcf81c0d3237b8b9fcb98c4b3633a1297f";
              sha256 = "3b2de54224963ee17857a9737b65d49edc423e06ad7e9c9b85d9f69ca923676a";
            };
            buildDepends = [
              data-default ghcjs-base ghcjs-dom text
            ];
            jailbreak = true;
            license = null;
          }
        ) {};

https://github.com/ryantrinkle/try-reflex/blob/ghcjs-improved-base/default.nix#L49

ps，这是我在 IRC 上得到的答案:

joco42> what does this sha256 attribute mean in this nix expression ? https://github.com/ryantrinkle/try-reflex/blob/ghcjs-improved-base/default.nix#L49
8:24 PM <joco42> where does it come from ?
8:24 PM <pikajude> that's the sha256 hash of that git checkout
8:25 PM  → obadz and ldng joined  ⇐ obadz- quit  
8:29 PM <joco42> pikajude: ok, cool how can i get that ?
8:30 PM <pikajude> nix-prefetch-git in the nix-prefetch-scripts package
8:30 PM <joco42> many thanks pikajude 

Answer 1

正如我在 IRC 上被告知的那样:

>nix-prefetch-git https://github.com/ghcjs/ghcjs-dom
Initialized empty Git repository in /tmp/user/1000/git-checkout-tmp-uxoKqy9s/git-export/.git/
remote: Counting objects: 1070, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (236/236), done.
remote: Total 1070 (delta 858), reused 932 (delta 829), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (1070/1070), 580.67 KiB | 911.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (858/858), done.
From https://github.com/ghcjs/ghcjs-dom
 * branch            HEAD       -> FETCH_HEAD
Switched to a new branch 'fetchgit'
git revision is 8b9c64e78e838de95ef1b61f15c0bd7068d45d84
git human-readable version is -- none --
Commit date is 2015-06-08 03:53:22 +1200
removing `.git'...
hash is d05d04cad4aea829dddcf341ed4656d9828713d271f15c94414a74041188bac8
path is /nix/store/kcgbwampbp7qcyxqp4ag8rx2prxnsc19-git-export
d05d04cad4aea829dddcf341ed4656d9828713d271f15c94414a74041188bac8