google-chrome - 强制 headless (headless) Chrome / Chrome 使用实际的GPU，而不是Google SwiftShader

Question

我正在尝试使用 headless (headless) Chrome (使用 puppeteer )htmlt将pdf打印为，并且一切正常，除非html包含大的png图像(超过10.000x10.000px)，整个呈现页面的过程花费的时间非常长(最多半小时，但如果使用非 headless (headless)模式，则只需大约10秒)。经过数天的研究和调整，我得出结论，这肯定与页面合成过程有关。
以下是 headless (headless)和 headless (headless)模式下chrome://gpu页面的转储。
我注意到的唯一显着区别是，当 headless (headless)运行chrome时，操纵up的人会自己附加--disable-gpu-compositing和--allow-pre-commit-input，我认为它们会导致戏剧性的性能下降。
此外，在非 headless (headless)模式下，Chrome浏览器会看到2 gpu单位:

GPU0 VENDOR= 0x10de, DEVICE=0x1d01 *ACTIVE*
GPU1 VENDOR= 0x8086, DEVICE=0x1912

在 headless (headless)模式下，只有一个:

GPU0 VENDOR= 0xffff [Google Inc.], DEVICE=0xffff [Google SwiftShader] *ACTIVE*

这是Vulkan和OpenGL ES图形API的基于CPU的实现。
所以基本上我的问题是:
是否可以使用实际的gpu(特别是用于gpu合成)与puppeteer一起运行 headless (headless) Chrome / Chrome ，或者有任何方法可以在非 headless (headless)模式下将页面打印为pdf？
这是我的非 headless (headless)chrome gpu配置(页面渲染速度很快):

Canvas: Hardware accelerated
Flash: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D Baseline profile: Hardware accelerated
Compositing: Hardware accelerated
Multiple Raster Threads: Force enabled
Out-of-process Rasterization: Hardware accelerated
OpenGL: Enabled
Hardware Protected Video Decode: Unavailable
Rasterization: Hardware accelerated on all pages
Skia Renderer: Enabled
Video Decode: Unavailable
Vulkan: Disabled
WebGL: Hardware accelerated
WebGL2: Hardware accelerated

Chrome version: Chrome/83.0.4103.0
Operating system: Linux 4.13.0-46-generic
2D graphics backend: Skia/83 8ce842d38d0b32149e874d6855c91e8c68ba65a7

Command line:
/home/wojtas/projects/project-generator/node_modules/puppeteer/.local-
chromium/linux-756035/chrome-linux/chrome 
--disable-background-networking 
--enable-features=NetworkService,NetworkServiceInProcess 
--disable-background-timer-throttling 
--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows 
--disable-breakpad 
--disable-client-side-phishing-detection 
--disable-component-extensions-with-background-pages 
--disable-default-apps 
--disable-dev-shm-usage 
--disable-extensions 
--disable-features=TranslateUI 
--disable-hang-monitor 
--disable-ipc-flooding-protection 
--disable-popup-blocking 
--disable-prompt-on-repost 
--disable-renderer-backgrounding 
--disable-sync 
--force-color-profile=srgb 
--metrics-recording-only 
--no-first-run
--enable-automation 
--password-store=basic 
--use-mock-keychain 
--disable-web-security 
--user-data-dir=/var/www/project-generator/var/chrome-user-data 
--allow-file-access-from-files 
--no-sandbox
--no-sandbox-and-elevated 
--no-zygote 
--enable-webgl 
--use-gl=desktop 
--use-skia-renderer 
--enable-gpu-rasterization 
--enable-zero-copy 
--disable-gpu-sandbox 
--enable-native-gpu-memory-buffers 
--disable-background-timer-throttling 
--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows 
--disable-renderer-backgrounding 
--ignore-certificate-errors 
--enable-hardware-overlays 
--num-raster-threads=4 
--default-tile-width=512 
--default-tile-height=512 
--enable-oop-rasterization 
--remote-debugging-port=0 
--flag-switches-begin 
--flag-switches-end 
--enable-audio-service-sandbox 

这是 headless (headless)的chrome gpu配置(速度非常慢)

 Graphics Feature Status
Canvas: Hardware accelerated
Flash: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D Baseline profile: Hardware accelerated
Compositing: Software only. Hardware acceleration disabled
Multiple Raster Threads: Force enabled
Out-of-process Rasterization: Hardware accelerated
OpenGL: Enabled
Hardware Protected Video Decode: Unavailable
Rasterization: Hardware accelerated on all pages
Skia Renderer: Enabled
Video Decode: Unavailable
Vulkan: Disabled
WebGL: Hardware accelerated but at reduced performance
WebGL2: Hardware accelerated but at reduced performance

Chrome version: HeadlessChrome/83.0.4103.0
Operating system: Linux 4.13.0-46-generic
2D graphics backend: Skia/83 8ce842d38d0b32149e874d6855c91e8c68ba65a7

Command Line:
/home/wojtas/projects/project-generator/node_modules/puppeteer/.local-chromium/linux-756035/chrome-linux/chrome 
--disable-background-networking 
--enable-features=NetworkService,NetworkServiceInProcess 
--disable-background-timer-throttling 
--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows 
--disable-breakpad 
--disable-client-side-phishing-detection 
--disable-component-extensions-with-background-pages 
--disable-default-apps 
--disable-dev-shm-usage 
--disable-extensions 
--disable-features=TranslateUI 
--disable-hang-monitor
--disable-ipc-flooding-protection 
--disable-popup-blocking 
--disable-prompt-on-repost 
--disable-renderer-backgrounding 
--disable-sync 
--force-color-profile=srgb
--metrics-recording-only 
--no-first-run 
--enable-automation 
--password-store=basic 
--use-mock-keychain 
--headless 
--hide-scrollbars 
--mute-audio 
--disable-web-security 
--user-data-dir=/var/www/project-generator/var/chrome-user-data 
--allow-file-access-from-files 
--no-sandbox 
--no-sandbox-and-elevated 
--no-zygote 
--enable-webgl 
--use-gl=desktop 
--use-skia-renderer 
--enable-gpu-rasterization 
--enable-zero-copy 
--disable-gpu-sandbox 
--enable-native-gpu-memory-buffers 
--disable-background-timer-throttling 
--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows 
--disable-renderer-backgrounding 
--ignore-certificate-errors 
--enable-hardware-overlays 
--num-raster-threads=4 
--default-tile-width=512 
--default-tile-height=512
--enable-oop-rasterization 
--remote-debugging-port=0 
--disable-gpu-compositing 
--allow-pre-commit-input 

即使我仍然添加了 --disable-webgl和 --disable-webgl2 VENDOR= 0xffff [Google Inc.], DEVICE=0xffff [Google SwiftShader] *ACTIVE*正在使用。
此外:

Gpu compositing has been disabled, either via blacklist, about:flags or the command line. The browser willfall back to software compositing and hardware acceleration will be unavailable.Disabled Features: gpu_compositingWebGL has been disabled via blacklist or the command line.Disabled Features: webglWebGL2 has been disabled via blacklist or the command line.Disabled Features: webgl2

通知出现在 chrome://gpu页面上
图形功能状态:

Canvas: Hardware accelerated
Flash: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D Baseline profile: Hardware accelerated
Compositing: Software only. Hardware acceleration disabled
Multiple Raster Threads: Enabled
Out-of-process Rasterization: Disabled
OpenGL: Enabled
Hardware Protected Video Decode: Unavailable
Rasterization: Hardware accelerated on all pages
Skia Renderer: Enabled
Video Decode: Unavailable
Vulkan: Disabled
WebGL: Disabled
WebGL2: Disabled

Answer 1

您真的需要 headless (headless)模式下的WebGL吗？
如果删除此参数...

--enable-webgl

...它应该停止加载SwiftShader并坚持使用GPU。