unit-testing - @WebAppConfiguration 未注入(inject)

Question

我正在尝试使用 Spring 3.2.1 创建 spring-mvc 测试。在一些教程之后，我认为这将是直截了当的。
这是我的测试:

@RunWith( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class )
@ContextConfiguration( loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class, classes = { JpaTestConfig.class } )
@WebAppConfiguration
public class HomeControllerTest {

    @Resource
    private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void testRoot() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/").accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)).andDo(print())
            // print the request/response in the console
            .andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN))
            .andExpect(content().string("Hello World!"));
    }

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
    }
}

这是我相关的 pom.xml:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
    <artifactId>hamcrest-all</artifactId>
    <version>1.3</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.10</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
    <exclusion>
        <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
    </exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

我有以下测试配置类:

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@ComponentScan( basePackages = { "com.myproject.service", "com.myproject.utility",
        "com.myproject.controller" } )
@ImportResource( "classpath:applicationContext.xml" )
public class JpaTestConfig {

    @Bean
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean() {
    ...
    }

    // various other services/datasource but not controllers
}

我的理解是添加 @WebAppConfiguration将强制 Spring 注入(inject)它。但是当我在 Eclipse 中运行这个测试时，我得到:

Caused by:org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: Noqualifying bean of type[org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext] found fordependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowirecandidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations:{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:967)atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:837)atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:749)atorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:486)

更新 - 我必须更改我的测试 Java 配置类

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan( basePackages = { "...." } )
@EnableTransactionManagement
@ImportResource( "classpath:applicationContext.xml" )
public class JpaTestConfig extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

但是，现在的问题是我可以调用我的 REST 服务，但它正在调用其他一些服务，包括数据库调用。仅测试调用和模拟响应的首选方法是什么。我想测试有效和无效条件。

Answer 1

在我的情况下，问题已通过替换解决:

@ContextConfiguration(loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class, classes = { ... })

和

@ContextConfiguration(loader = AnnotationConfigWebContextLoader.class, classes = { ... })

注意 网站 在加载器类名中。使用以前的加载程序， GenericApplicationContext尽管 @WebAppConfiguration 已被注入(inject)注解。