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ios - OpenGL ES 2.0 绘制不显示任何内容的简单三角形

转载 作者：行者123 更新时间：2023-12-03 14:39:30 26 4
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我完全没有想法。

我有 OpenGL ES 2.0 编程指南书，我有 Apple 的模板 OpenGL ES 2.0 代码，我已关注此页面:http://open.gl/drawing

我似乎无法绘制一个简单的三角形，我不确定我做错了什么。

注意:我也有一个 GameViewController.xib 文件，它是 GLKView 的子类，就像 Apple 的模板代码一样。

我的顶点着色器:

attribute vec4 position;

void main()
{
    gl_Position = position;
}

我的片段着色器:

void main()
{
    gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
}

我的 GameViewController 头文件:

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <GLKit/GLKit.h>

@interface GameViewController : GLKViewController

@end

我的 GameViewController 实现文件:

#import "GameViewController.h"

const GLfloat vertices[] =
{
    0.0f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f,
    0.5f, -0.5f
};

// Class extension to keep data private
@interface GameViewController()
{        
    // vertex buffer object
    GLuint vbo;

    // vertex array object
    GLuint vao;

    // shader program
    GLuint shaderProgram;
}

@property (strong, nonatomic) EAGLContext *context;
@property (strong, nonatomic) GLKBaseEffect *effect;

@end

@implementation GameViewController

// setup our OpenGL context
-(void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];

    [self setupContext];

    // -------------------------------------------------------------
    // create a vertex array object that will hold
    // all the linking between attributes and vertex data
    // -------------------------------------------------------------
    [self createVertexArrayObject];

    [self createVertexBufferObject];

    [self loadShaders];

    [self checkErrors];
}

-(void)checkErrors
{
    GLenum error = glGetError();

    switch (error) {
        case GL_NO_ERROR:
            NSLog(@"No errors");
            break;
        case GL_INVALID_ENUM:
            NSLog(@"An unacceptable value is specified for an enumerated argument. The offending command is ignored and has no other side effect than to set the error flag.");
            break;
        case GL_INVALID_VALUE:
            NSLog(@"A numeric argument is out of range. The offending command is ignored and has no other side effect than to set the error flag.");
            break;
        case GL_INVALID_OPERATION:
            NSLog(@"The specified operation is not allowed in the current state. The offending command is ignored and has no other side effect than to set the error flag.");
            break;
        case GL_INVALID_FRAMEBUFFER_OPERATION:
            NSLog(@"The frameBuffer object is not complete. The offending command is ignored and has no other side effect than to set the error flag.");
            break;
        case GL_OUT_OF_MEMORY:
            NSLog(@"There is not enough memory left to execute the command. The state of the GL is undefined, except for the state of the error flags, after this error is recorded.");
            break;
        case GL_STACK_UNDERFLOW:
            NSLog(@"An attempt has been made to perform an operation that would cause an internal stack to underflow.");
            break;
        case GL_STACK_OVERFLOW:
            NSLog(@"An attempt has been made to perform an operation that would cause an internal stack to overflow.");
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}

#pragma mark - Setup Context -

-(void)setupContext
{
    self.context = [[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI:kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES2];

    if(!self.context)
    {
        NSLog(@"Failed to create OpenGL ES Context");
    }

    // tell our view the context is an OpenGL context
    GLKView *view = (GLKView *)self.view;
    view.context = self.context;
    view.drawableDepthFormat = GLKViewDrawableDepthFormat24;

    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context];

    self.effect = [[GLKBaseEffect alloc] init];

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}

#pragma mark - Vertex Array Object Methods -

-(void)createVertexArrayObject
{
    glGenVertexArraysOES(1, &vao);
    glBindVertexArrayOES(vao);
}

#pragma mark - Create Vertex Buffer Object Method -

-(void)createVertexBufferObject;
{
    glGenBuffers(1, &vbo); // Generate 1 memory buffer for the VBO

    // Make our VBO the current buffer object to receive data
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);

    // -------------------------------------------------------------
    // Start copying data to our VBO
    //
    // GL_STATIC_DRAW will upload once and drawn many times
    // -------------------------------------------------------------
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

}

#pragma mark - Shader Code -

-(void)loadShaders
{
    // load both vertex shader and fragment shader
    GLuint vertexShader = [self compileVertexShader];
    GLuint fragmentShader = [self compileFragmentShader];

    // create a shader program from the vertex shader and fragment shader
    shaderProgram = [self combineVertexShader:vertexShader AndFragmentShader:fragmentShader];

    // linking vertex data and attributes
    GLint positionAttrib = glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "position");

    glVertexAttribPointer(positionAttrib, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);

    glEnableVertexAttribArray(positionAttrib);
}

-(GLuint)compileVertexShader
{
    // get the path to the shader file as a C string
    const GLchar *vertexShaderPath = (GLchar *)[[NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Shader" ofType:@"vsh"]
                                                                          encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding
                                                                             error:nil] UTF8String];

    GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderPath, NULL);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);

    // Checking if shader compiled properly
    GLint status;
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);

    if(status == GL_TRUE)
    {
        NSLog(@"Vertex shader compiled correctly");
    }
    else
    {
        NSLog(@"Vertex shader compiled failed");
    }

    GLint logLength;
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &logLength);
    if (logLength > 0) {
        GLchar *log = (GLchar *)malloc(logLength);
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, logLength, &logLength, log);
        NSLog(@"Vertex Shader compile log:\n%s", log);
        free(log);
    }

    return vertexShader;
}

-(GLuint)compileFragmentShader
{
    // get the path to the shader as a C string
    const GLchar *fragmentShaderPath = (GLchar *)[[NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Shader" ofType:@"fsh"]
                                                                          encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding
                                                                             error:nil] UTF8String];

    GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderPath, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);

    // Checking if shader compiled properly
    GLint status;
    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);

    if(status == GL_TRUE)
    {
        NSLog(@"Fragment shader compiled correctly");
    }
    else
    {
        NSLog(@"Fragment shader compiled failed");
    }

    GLint logLength;
    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &logLength);
    if (logLength > 0) {
        GLchar *log = (GLchar *)malloc(logLength);
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, logLength, &logLength, log);
        NSLog(@"Fragment Shader compile log:\n%s", log);
        free(log);
    }

    return fragmentShader;
}

-(void)linkProgram:(GLuint)paramShaderProgram
{
    // link shader to program now and become active shader program
    glLinkProgram(paramShaderProgram);

    GLint status;
    // test if the program linked correctly
    glGetProgramiv(paramShaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &status);

    if(status == GL_TRUE)
    {
        NSLog(@"Shader program linked correctly");
    }
    else
    {
        NSLog(@"Shader program linked failed");
    }
}

-(void)validateProgram:(GLuint)paramShaderProgram
{
    GLint status, logLength;

    glValidateProgram(paramShaderProgram);

    glGetProgramiv(paramShaderProgram, GL_VALIDATE_STATUS, &status);

    if(status == GL_TRUE)
    {
        NSLog(@"Shader program validated correctly");
    }
    else
    {
        NSLog(@"Shader program validate failed");
    }

    glGetProgramiv(paramShaderProgram, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &logLength);

    if(logLength > 0)
    {
        GLchar *log = (GLchar *)malloc(logLength);
        glGetProgramInfoLog(paramShaderProgram, logLength, &logLength, log);
        NSLog(@"Program validate log:\n%s", log);
        free(log);
    }
}

-(GLuint)combineVertexShader:(GLuint)paramVertexShader AndFragmentShader:(GLuint)paramFragmentShader
{
    GLuint newShaderProgram = glCreateProgram();

    glAttachShader(newShaderProgram, paramVertexShader);
    glAttachShader(newShaderProgram, paramFragmentShader);

    [self linkProgram:newShaderProgram];

    [self validateProgram:newShaderProgram];

    // start using shader now, will use the active shader program
    glUseProgram(newShaderProgram);

    return newShaderProgram;
}

#pragma mark - GLKViewController Render Delegate Methods -

-(void)setupViewport
{
    glViewport(0, 0, self.view.bounds.size.width, self.view.bounds.size.height);

    self.effect.transform.projectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeOrtho(-3, 3, -2, 2, 1, -1);
}

-(void)update
{
    [self setupViewport];
}

-(void)glkView:(GLKView *)view drawInRect:(CGRect)rect
{
    glClearColor(0.65f, 0.65f, 0.65f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    [self.effect prepareToDraw];

    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
}

#pragma mark - Cleanup Memory -

-(void)tearDownContext
{
    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context];

    // delete vertex buffer object and vertex array object
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo);
    glDeleteVertexArraysOES(1, &vao);

    // delete shader program
    if(shaderProgram)
    {
        glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);
        shaderProgram = 0;
    }

    // unset OpenGL context
    if ([EAGLContext currentContext] == self.context)
    {
        [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil];
    }

    self.context = nil;
}

-(void)dealloc
{
    [self tearDownContext];
}

-(void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];

    if([self isViewLoaded] && self.view.window == nil)
    {
        self.view = nil;

        [self tearDownContext];

        if([EAGLContext currentContext] == self.context)
        {
            [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil];
        }

        self.context = nil;
    }

    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated
}

@end

我所看到的只是我清除颜色后的灰色背景屏幕。

如果有人能指出我哪里做错了，那就太好了。

编辑

我决定抛开个人对 Ray 网站的厌恶，硬着头皮完成本教程:

http://www.raywenderlich.com/3664/opengl-es-2-0-for-iphone-tutorial

本教程不使用 GLKit，这是一个额外的好处，因为学习者编写自己的帧缓冲区和渲染缓冲区，并将它们呈现在屏幕上。

我觉得这比使用 GLKit 更接近 OpenGL ES 2.0 管道。

正如 Ricardo 所建议的那样，在这个时间点上使用 GLKit 比理解它的值(value)要付出更多的努力。

我还强烈建议使用上面 Ray 的网站教程链接来运行一个工作程序，而不是尝试遵循 Apple 的模板代码。

就我而言，苹果的模板代码和书上有太多的矛盾，造成了很多时间的浪费。

对于那些仍然对使用 GLKit 方法感兴趣的人，我还使用 GLKit 解决了这个问题。

解决方案是结合设置我的投影矩阵和绑定(bind)正确的顶点着色器位置属性位置。

我还想指出一个非常重要的注意事项是:

确保目标的复制捆绑资源具有顶点和片段着色器!

我正处于三角形为黑色的位置，无论我在片段着色器文件中键入什么，我都无法更改三角形的颜色。问题是默认情况下这些着色器文件不会复制到包资源。

无论如何，下面完整地提供了我的工作更新代码:

#import "GameViewController.h"

#define BUFFER_OFFSET(i) ((char *)NULL + (i))

// Uniform index.
enum
{
    UNIFORM_MODELVIEWPROJECTION_MATRIX,
    UNIFORM_NORMAL_MATRIX,
    NUM_UNIFORMS
};
GLint uniforms[NUM_UNIFORMS];

// Attribute index.
enum
{
    ATTRIB_VERTEX,
    ATTRIB_NORMAL,
    NUM_ATTRIBUTES
};


const GLfloat vertices[] =
{
    0.0f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f,
    0.5f, -0.5f
};

// Class extension to keep data private
@interface GameViewController()
{
    // vertex buffer object
    GLuint vbo;

    // vertex array object
    GLuint vao;

    // shader program
    GLuint shaderProgram;

    GLKMatrix4 modelViewProjectionMatrix;
    GLKMatrix3 normalMatrix;
}

@property (strong, nonatomic) EAGLContext *context;
@property (strong, nonatomic) GLKBaseEffect *effect;

@end

@implementation GameViewController

// setup our OpenGL context
-(void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];

    [self setupContext];

    [self loadShaders];

    // -------------------------------------------------------------
    // create a vertex array object that will hold
    // all the linking between attributes and vertex data
    // -------------------------------------------------------------
    [self createVertexArrayObject];

    [self createVertexBufferObject];

    [self linkAttributes];

    [self checkErrors];
}

-(void)checkErrors
{
    GLenum error = glGetError();

    switch (error) {
        case GL_NO_ERROR:
            NSLog(@"No errors");
            break;
        case GL_INVALID_ENUM:
            NSLog(@"An unacceptable value is specified for an enumerated argument. The offending command is ignored and has no other side effect than to set the error flag.");
            break;
        case GL_INVALID_VALUE:
            NSLog(@"A numeric argument is out of range. The offending command is ignored and has no other side effect than to set the error flag.");
            break;
        case GL_INVALID_OPERATION:
            NSLog(@"The specified operation is not allowed in the current state. The offending command is ignored and has no other side effect than to set the error flag.");
            break;
        case GL_INVALID_FRAMEBUFFER_OPERATION:
            NSLog(@"The frameBuffer object is not complete. The offending command is ignored and has no other side effect than to set the error flag.");
            break;
        case GL_OUT_OF_MEMORY:
            NSLog(@"There is not enough memory left to execute the command. The state of the GL is undefined, except for the state of the error flags, after this error is recorded.");
            break;
        case GL_STACK_UNDERFLOW:
            NSLog(@"An attempt has been made to perform an operation that would cause an internal stack to underflow.");
            break;
        case GL_STACK_OVERFLOW:
            NSLog(@"An attempt has been made to perform an operation that would cause an internal stack to overflow.");
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}

#pragma mark - Setup Context -

-(void)setupContext
{
    self.context = [[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI:kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES2];

    if(!self.context)
    {
        NSLog(@"Failed to create OpenGL ES Context");
    }

    // tell our view the context is an OpenGL context
    GLKView *view = (GLKView *)self.view;
    view.context = self.context;
    view.drawableDepthFormat = GLKViewDrawableDepthFormat24;

    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context];

    self.effect = [[GLKBaseEffect alloc] init];

    //glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}

#pragma mark - Vertex Array Object Methods -

-(void)createVertexArrayObject
{
    glGenVertexArraysOES(1, &vao);
    glBindVertexArrayOES(vao);
}

#pragma mark - Create Vertex Buffer Object Method -

-(void)createVertexBufferObject;
{
    glGenBuffers(1, &vbo); // Generate 1 memory buffer for the VBO

    // Make our VBO the current buffer object to receive data
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);

    // -------------------------------------------------------------
    // Start copying data to our VBO
    //
    // GL_STATIC_DRAW will upload once and drawn many times
    // -------------------------------------------------------------
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
}

-(void)linkAttributes
{
    /*
    // linking vertex data and attributes
    GLint positionAttrib = glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "position");
    glVertexAttribPointer(positionAttrib, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(positionAttrib);
    */

    glVertexAttribPointer(GLKVertexAttribPosition, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLKVertexAttribPosition);

    glBindVertexArrayOES(0);
}

#pragma mark - Shader Code -

-(void)loadShaders
{
    shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();

    // load both vertex shader and fragment shader
    GLuint vertexShader = [self compileVertexShader];
    GLuint fragmentShader = [self compileFragmentShader];

    // create a shader program from the vertex shader and fragment shader
    [self combineVertexShader:vertexShader AndFragmentShader:fragmentShader];

    [self linkProgram:shaderProgram];


    // Release vertex and fragment shaders.
    if (vertexShader) {
        glDetachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
        glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    }
    if (fragmentShader) {
        glDetachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
        glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
    }

    //NSLog(@"uniforms[UNIFORM_MODELVIEWPROJECTION_MATRIX] before = %d", uniforms[UNIFORM_MODELVIEWPROJECTION_MATRIX]);

    uniforms[UNIFORM_MODELVIEWPROJECTION_MATRIX] = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "modelViewProjectionMatrix");

    //NSLog(@"uniforms[UNIFORM_MODELVIEWPROJECTION_MATRIX] after = %d", uniforms[UNIFORM_MODELVIEWPROJECTION_MATRIX]);
}

-(GLuint)compileVertexShader
{
    // get the path to the shader file as a C string
    const GLchar *vertexShaderPath = (GLchar *)[[NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Shader" ofType:@"vsh"]
                                                                          encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding
                                                                             error:nil] UTF8String];

    GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderPath, NULL);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);

    // Checking if shader compiled properly
    GLint status;
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);

    if(status == GL_TRUE)
    {
        NSLog(@"Vertex shader compiled correctly");
    }
    else
    {
        NSLog(@"Vertex shader compiled failed");
    }

    GLint logLength;
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &logLength);
    if (logLength > 0) {
        GLchar *log = (GLchar *)malloc(logLength);
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, logLength, &logLength, log);
        NSLog(@"Vertex Shader compile log:\n%s", log);
        free(log);
    }

    return vertexShader;
}

-(GLuint)compileFragmentShader
{
    // get the path to the shader as a C string
    const GLchar *fragmentShaderPath = (GLchar *)[[NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Shader" ofType:@"fsh"]
                                                                            encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding
                                                                               error:nil] UTF8String];

    GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderPath, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);

    // Checking if shader compiled properly
    GLint status;
    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);

    if(status == GL_TRUE)
    {
        NSLog(@"Fragment shader compiled correctly");
    }
    else
    {
        NSLog(@"Fragment shader compiled failed");
    }

    GLint logLength;
    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &logLength);
    if (logLength > 0) {
        GLchar *log = (GLchar *)malloc(logLength);
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, logLength, &logLength, log);
        NSLog(@"Fragment Shader compile log:\n%s", log);
        free(log);
    }

    return fragmentShader;
}

-(void)combineVertexShader:(GLuint)paramVertexShader AndFragmentShader:(GLuint)paramFragmentShader
{
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, paramVertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, paramFragmentShader);

    glBindAttribLocation(shaderProgram, GLKVertexAttribPosition, "position");

    //[self validateProgram:shaderProgram];
}

-(void)linkProgram:(GLuint)paramShaderProgram
{
    // link shader to program now and become active shader program
    glLinkProgram(paramShaderProgram);

    GLint status;
    // test if the program linked correctly
    glGetProgramiv(paramShaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &status);

    if(status == GL_TRUE)
    {
        NSLog(@"Shader program linked correctly");
    }
    else
    {
        NSLog(@"Shader program linked failed");
    }

    GLint logLength;
    glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &logLength);
    if (logLength > 0) {
        GLchar *log = (GLchar *)malloc(logLength);
        glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, logLength, &logLength, log);
        NSLog(@"Program link log:\n%s", log);
        free(log);
    }
}

-(void)validateProgram:(GLuint)paramShaderProgram
{
    GLint status, logLength;

    glValidateProgram(paramShaderProgram);

    glGetProgramiv(paramShaderProgram, GL_VALIDATE_STATUS, &status);

    if(status == GL_TRUE)
    {
        NSLog(@"Shader program validated correctly");
    }
    else
    {
        NSLog(@"Shader program validate failed");
    }

    glGetProgramiv(paramShaderProgram, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &logLength);

    if(logLength > 0)
    {
        GLchar *log = (GLchar *)malloc(logLength);
        glGetProgramInfoLog(paramShaderProgram, logLength, &logLength, log);
        NSLog(@"Program validate log:\n%s", log);
        free(log);
    }
}

#pragma mark - GLKViewController Render Delegate Methods -

-(void)setupViewport
{
    //float aspect = fabsf(self.view.bounds.size.width / self.view.bounds.size.height);

    //GLKMatrix4 projectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakePerspective(GLKMathDegreesToRadians(65.0f), aspect, 1.0f, -10.0f);
    GLKMatrix4 projectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeOrtho(-1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1);
    self.effect.transform.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix;

    GLKMatrix4 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    self.effect.transform.modelviewMatrix = modelViewMatrix;

    modelViewProjectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(projectionMatrix, modelViewMatrix);
    normalMatrix = GLKMatrix3InvertAndTranspose(GLKMatrix4GetMatrix3(modelViewMatrix), NULL);

    glUniformMatrix4fv(uniforms[UNIFORM_MODELVIEWPROJECTION_MATRIX], 1, GL_FALSE, modelViewProjectionMatrix.m);
    glUniformMatrix3fv(uniforms[UNIFORM_NORMAL_MATRIX], 1, 0, normalMatrix.m);
}

-(void)update
{
    [self setupViewport];
}

-(void)glkView:(GLKView *)view drawInRect:(CGRect)rect
{
    glClearColor(0.65f, 0.65f, 0.65f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    glBindVertexArrayOES(vao);

    [self.effect prepareToDraw];

    glUseProgram(shaderProgram);

    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
}

#pragma mark - Cleanup Memory -

-(void)tearDownContext
{
    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context];

    // delete vertex buffer object and vertex array object
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo);
    glDeleteVertexArraysOES(1, &vao);

    // delete shader program
    if(shaderProgram)
    {
        glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);
        shaderProgram = 0;
    }

    // unset OpenGL context
    if ([EAGLContext currentContext] == self.context)
    {
        [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil];
    }

    self.context = nil;
}

-(void)dealloc
{
    [self tearDownContext];
}

-(void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];

    if([self isViewLoaded] && self.view.window == nil)
    {
        self.view = nil;

        [self tearDownContext];

        if([EAGLContext currentContext] == self.context)
        {
            [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil];
        }

        self.context = nil;
    }

    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated
}

@end

希望对其他人有所帮助。

最佳答案

忘记 Apple 的 OpenGL ES 2.0 模板代码吧。如果您是初学者，那么其中有太多内容无法正确理解，而且它混合了 OpenGL ES 1.1 (GLKBaseEffect) 和 2.0(着色器)。

您最好从头开始创建应用并了解 GLKit 和着色器的优缺点。

本教程使用 GLKBaseEffect 的固定管道功能对 GLKit 进行了很好的介绍:

如果您想更深入地了解并学习如何在 iPhone 环境中使用着色器，我强烈推荐这本书:

最终，您可能希望结合使用 GLKView 来绕过所有缓冲区样板代码，并使用着色器来最好地控制您的程序。OpenGL ES 有一个艰难的学习曲线，但一旦你克服了第一个障碍，事情就会变得更加清晰。

关于ios - OpenGL ES 2.0 绘制不显示任何内容的简单三角形，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14012780/

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