multithreading - Delphi线程异常机制

Question

我对线程在delphi中如何工作以及为什么在线程应该引发异常的时刻没有显示异常感到困惑。下面是带注释的代码，也许有人可以向我解释该线程或delphi如何管理访问冲突

//线程代码

unit Unit2;

interface

uses
  Classes,
  Dialogs,
  SysUtils,
  StdCtrls;

type
  TTest = class(TThread)
  private
  protected
    j: Integer;
    procedure Execute; override;
    procedure setNr;
  public
    aBtn: tbutton;
  end;

implementation


{ TTest }

procedure TTest.Execute;
var
  i                 : Integer;
  a                 : TStringList;
begin
 // make severals operations only for having something to do
  j := 0;
  for i := 0 to 100000000 do
    j := j + 1;
  for i := 0 to 100000000 do
    j := j + 1;
  for i := 0 to 100000000 do
    j := j + 1;
  for i := 0 to 100000000 do
    j := j + 1;
  for i := 0 to 100000000 do
    j := j + 1;
  for i := 0 to 100000000 do
    j := j + 1;
  for i := 0 to 100000000 do
    j := j + 1;
  for i := 0 to 100000000 do
    j := j + 1;

  Synchronize(setnr);
  a[2] := 'dbwdbkbckbk'; //this should raise an AV!!!!!!

end;

procedure TTest.setNr;
begin
  aBtn.Caption := IntToStr(j)
end;

end.

项目代码

unit Unit1;

interface

uses
  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
  Dialogs,
  Unit2, StdCtrls;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    Button1: TButton;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
  private
  public
    nrthd:Integer;
    acrit:TRTLCriticalSection;
    procedure bla();
    procedure bla1();
    function bla2():boolean;
    procedure onterm(Sender:TObject);
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.bla;
begin
 try
  bla1;
 except on e:Exception do
   ShowMessage('bla '+e.Message);
 end;
end;

procedure TForm1.bla1;
begin
 try
  bla2
 except on e:Exception do
   ShowMessage('bla1 '+e.Message);
 end;
end;

function TForm1.bla2: boolean;
var ath:TTest;
begin
 try
  ath:=TTest.Create(true);
   InterlockedIncrement(nrthd);
  ath.FreeOnTerminate:=True;
  ath.aBtn:=Button1;
  ath.OnTerminate:=onterm; 
   ath.Resume;
 except on e:Exception do
  ShowMessage('bla2 '+e.Message);
 end;
end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

begin
//
 try
   bla;
   while nrthd>0 do
    Application.ProcessMessages;
 except on e:Exception do
  ShowMessage('Button1Click '+e.Message);
 end;
 ShowMessage('done with this');
end;

procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
 nrthd:=0;
end;

procedure TForm1.onterm(Sender: TObject);
begin
 InterlockedDecrement(nrthd)
end;

end.

此应用程序的目的只是了解在哪里捕获访问冲突，以及应如何编写代码。
我不明白为什么在“a[2] := 'dbwdbkbckbk';”行中AV 未升高。

Answer 1

在 Delphi 2005(可能还有大多数其他版本)中，如果异常从 Execute 方法中逃逸而没有得到处理，则它会被调用 Execute 的函数捕获，并且存储在线程的 FatalException 属性中。 (查看Classes.pas、ThreadProc。)在释放线程之前，不会对该异常执行任何进一步操作，此时异常也被释放。

因此，您有责任检查该属性并采取措施。您可以在线程的 OnTerminate 处理程序中检查它。如果它非空，则线程由于未捕获的异常而终止。因此，例如:

procedure TForm1.onterm(Sender: TObject);
var
  ex: TObject;
begin
  Assert(Sender is TThread);
  ex := TThread(Sender).FatalException;
  if Assigned(ex) then begin
    // Thread terminated due to an exception
    if ex is Exception then
      Application.ShowException(Exception(ex))
    else
      ShowMessage(ex.ClassName);
  end else begin
    // Thread terminated cleanly
  end;
  Dec(nrthd);
end;

无需使用互锁函数来跟踪线程数。您的线程创建函数和终止处理程序始终在主线程的上下文中运行。普通的旧 Inc 和 Dec 就足够了。