delphi - 如何允许表单接受文件删除而不处理 Windows 消息？

Question

在 Delphi XE 中，我可以允许我的表单接受文件“拖放”，但不必处理裸窗口消息吗？

Answer 1

您不需要处理消息来实现此目的。您只需实现IDropTarget并调用RegisterDragDrop/RevokeDragDrop即可。这真的非常非常简单。您实际上可以在表单代码中实现 IDropTarget 但我更喜欢在如下所示的帮助程序类中实现:

uses
  Winapi.Windows,
  Winapi.ActiveX,
  Winapi.ShellAPI,
  System.StrUtils,
  Vcl.Forms;

type
  IDragDrop = interface
    function DropAllowed(const FileNames: array of string): Boolean;
    procedure Drop(const FileNames: array of string);
  end;

  TDropTarget = class(TObject, IInterface, IDropTarget)
  private
    // IInterface
    function QueryInterface(const IID: TGUID; out Obj): HResult; stdcall;
    function _AddRef: Integer; stdcall;
    function _Release: Integer; stdcall;
  private
    // IDropTarget
    FHandle: HWND;
    FDragDrop: IDragDrop;
    FDropAllowed: Boolean;
    procedure GetFileNames(const dataObj: IDataObject; var FileNames: TArray<string>);
    procedure SetEffect(var dwEffect: Integer);
    function DragEnter(const dataObj: IDataObject; grfKeyState: Integer; pt: TPoint; var dwEffect: Integer): HResult; stdcall;
    function DragOver(grfKeyState: Longint; pt: TPoint; var dwEffect: Longint): HResult; stdcall;
    function DragLeave: HResult; stdcall;
    function Drop(const dataObj: IDataObject; grfKeyState: Longint; pt: TPoint; var dwEffect: Longint): HResult; stdcall;
  public
    constructor Create(AHandle: HWND; const ADragDrop: IDragDrop);
    destructor Destroy; override;
  end;

{ TDropTarget }

constructor TDropTarget.Create(AHandle: HWND; const ADragDrop: IDragDrop);
begin
  inherited Create;
  FHandle := AHandle;
  FDragDrop := ADragDrop;
  RegisterDragDrop(FHandle, Self)
end;

destructor TDropTarget.Destroy;
begin
  RevokeDragDrop(FHandle);
  inherited;
end;

function TDropTarget.QueryInterface(const IID: TGUID; out Obj): HResult;
begin
  if GetInterface(IID, Obj) then begin
    Result := S_OK;
  end else begin
    Result := E_NOINTERFACE;
  end;
end;

function TDropTarget._AddRef: Integer;
begin
  Result := -1;
end;

function TDropTarget._Release: Integer;
begin
  Result := -1;
end;

procedure TDropTarget.GetFileNames(const dataObj: IDataObject; var FileNames: TArray<string>);
var
  i: Integer;
  formatetcIn: TFormatEtc;
  medium: TStgMedium;
  dropHandle: HDROP;
begin
  FileNames := nil;
  formatetcIn.cfFormat := CF_HDROP;
  formatetcIn.ptd := nil;
  formatetcIn.dwAspect := DVASPECT_CONTENT;
  formatetcIn.lindex := -1;
  formatetcIn.tymed := TYMED_HGLOBAL;
  if dataObj.GetData(formatetcIn, medium)=S_OK then begin
    (* This cast needed because HDROP is incorrectly declared as Longint in ShellAPI.pas.  It should be declared as THandle
       which is an unsigned integer.  Without this fix the routine fails in top-down memory allocation scenarios. *)
    dropHandle := HDROP(medium.hGlobal);
    SetLength(FileNames, DragQueryFile(dropHandle, $FFFFFFFF, nil, 0));
    for i := 0 to high(FileNames) do begin
      SetLength(FileNames[i], DragQueryFile(dropHandle, i, nil, 0));
      DragQueryFile(dropHandle, i, @FileNames[i][1], Length(FileNames[i])+1);
    end;
  end;
end;

procedure TDropTarget.SetEffect(var dwEffect: Integer);
begin
  if FDropAllowed then begin
    dwEffect := DROPEFFECT_COPY;
  end else begin
    dwEffect := DROPEFFECT_NONE;
  end;
end;

function TDropTarget.DragEnter(const dataObj: IDataObject; grfKeyState: Integer; pt: TPoint; var dwEffect: Integer): HResult;
var
  FileNames: TArray<string>;
begin
  Result := S_OK;
  Try
    GetFileNames(dataObj, FileNames);
    FDropAllowed := (Length(FileNames)>0) and FDragDrop.DropAllowed(FileNames);
    SetEffect(dwEffect);
  Except
    Result := E_UNEXPECTED;
  End;
end;

function TDropTarget.DragLeave: HResult;
begin
  Result := S_OK;
end;

function TDropTarget.DragOver(grfKeyState: Integer; pt: TPoint; var dwEffect: Integer): HResult;
begin
  Result := S_OK;
  Try
    SetEffect(dwEffect);
  Except
    Result := E_UNEXPECTED;
  End;
end;

function TDropTarget.Drop(const dataObj: IDataObject; grfKeyState: Integer; pt: TPoint; var dwEffect: Integer): HResult;
var
  FileNames: TArray<string>;
begin
  Result := S_OK;
  Try
    GetFileNames(dataObj, FileNames);
    if Length(FileNames)>0 then begin
      FDragDrop.Drop(FileNames);
    end;
  Except
    Application.HandleException(Self);
  End;
end;

这里的想法是将 Windows IDropTarget 的复杂性包装在 TDropTarget 中。您所需要做的就是实现要简单得多的IDragDrop。不管怎样，我认为这应该能让你继续前进。

从控件的 CreateWnd 创建放置目标对象。在 DestroyWnd 方法中销毁它。这一点很重要，因为 VCL 窗口重新创建意味着控件可以在其生命周期内销毁并重新创建其窗口句柄。

请注意，TDropTarget 上的引用计数被抑制。这是因为当调用 RegisterDragDrop 时，它会增加引用计数。这会创建一个循环引用，而抑制引用计数的代码会破坏该循环引用。这意味着您将通过类变量而不是接口(interface)变量来使用此类，以避免泄漏。

用法看起来像这样:

type
  TMainForm = class(TForm, IDragDrop)
    ....
  private
    FDropTarget: TDropTarget;

    // implement IDragDrop
    function DropAllowed(const FileNames: array of string): Boolean;
    procedure Drop(const FileNames: array of string);
  protected
    procedure CreateWindowHandle; override;
    procedure DestroyWindowHandle; override;
  end;

....

procedure TMainForm.CreateWindowHandle;
begin
  inherited;
  FDropTarget := TDropTarget.Create(WindowHandle, Self);
end;

procedure TMainForm.DestroyWindowHandle;
begin
  FreeAndNil(FDropTarget);
  inherited;
end;

function TMainForm.DropAllowed(const FileNames: array of string): Boolean;
begin
  Result := True;
end;

procedure TMainForm.Drop(const FileNames: array of string);
begin
  ; // do something with the file names
end;

这里我使用表单作为放置目标。但是您可以以类似的方式使用任何其他窗口控件。