powershell - 如何使用 $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"获得正确的错误行号

Question

考虑以下脚本

#requires -version 2.0

[CmdletBinding()]
param
(
)

$script:ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
function PSScriptRoot { $MyInvocation.ScriptName | Split-Path }

function ThrowFunction($i)
{
    "ThrowFunction $i"
    $someNonExistingVariable
}

@(1, 2, 3) | ForEach-Object -Process { ThrowFunction $_ }

当我们运行它时，我们得到

C:\dev> .\MyScript.ps1
ThrowFunction 1
ForEach-Object : The variable '$someNonExistingVariable' cannot be retrieved because it has not      been set.
At C:\dev\MyScript.ps1:18 char:28
+ @(1, 2, 3) | ForEach-Object <<<<  -Process { ThrowFunction $_ }
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (someNonExistingVariable:Token) [ForEach-Object],     RuntimeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId :      VariableIsUndefined,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.ForEachObjectCommand

如您所见，它在第 18 行报告了问题

但实际问题在第 15 行

我发现如果我们更改第 8 行:

$script:ErrorActionPreference = "Continue"

我们得到

C:\dev> .\MyScript.ps1
ThrowFunction 1
The variable '$someNonExistingVariable' cannot be retrieved because it has not been set.
At C:\dev\MyScript.ps1:15 char:29
+     $someNonExistingVariable <<<<
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (someNonExistingVariable:Token) [], RuntimeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : VariableIsUndefined

ThrowFunction 2
The variable '$someNonExistingVariable' cannot be retrieved because it has not been set.
At C:\dev\MyScript.ps1:15 char:29
+     $someNonExistingVariable <<<<
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (someNonExistingVariable:Token) [], RuntimeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : VariableIsUndefined

ThrowFunction 3
The variable '$someNonExistingVariable' cannot be retrieved because it has not been set.
At C:\dev\MyScript.ps1:15 char:29
+     $someNonExistingVariable <<<<
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (someNonExistingVariable:Token) [],     RuntimeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : VariableIsUndefined

您会看到，现在第 15 行已按预期报告。

现在的问题是如何获得正确的线路并具有“停止”行为。

我尝试了很多方法，但没有一个对我有用。

我试过了

trap { throw $_ }

trap { $_.InvocationInfo }

trap { Get-PSCallStack }

但他们都没有得到正确的线路

然后我尝试切换

$script:ErrorActionPreference = "Continue"

发现我一加trap就又报错行了。

所以我仍在寻找可行的解决方案...

Answer 1

感谢@Keith Hill，我找到了解决方案

魔法线是

trap { throw $Error[0] }

这个脚本

#requires -version 2.0

[CmdletBinding()]
param
(
)

$script:ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
function PSScriptRoot { $MyInvocation.ScriptName | Split-Path }

trap { throw $Error[0] }

function ThrowFunction($i)
{
    "ThrowFunction $i"
    $someNonExistingVariable
}

@(1, 2, 3) | ForEach-Object -Process { ThrowFunction $_ }

返回

C:\Dev> .\MyScript.ps1
ThrowFunction 1
The variable '$someNonExistingVariable' cannot be retrieved because it has not been set.
At C:\Dev\MyScript.ps1:17 char:29
+     $someNonExistingVariable <<<<
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (someNonExistingVariable:Token) [], RuntimeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : VariableIsUndefined

太棒了!