django - 导入错误 : cannot import name 'six' from 'django.utils'

Question

最近，我从 升级了 Django 框架的版本。 2.0.6 至 3.0 突然调用python manage.py shell命令，我得到了这个异常:

ImportError: cannot import name 'six' from 'django.utils' (/path-to-project/project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/init.py)

完整跟踪:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 13, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/path-to-project/project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/path-to-project/project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 377, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "/path-to-project/project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/path-to-project/project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 91, in populate
    app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
  File "/path-to-project/project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 90, in create
    module = import_module(entry)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/path-to-project/project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/corsheaders/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from .checks import check_settings  # noqa: F401
  File "/path-to-project/project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/corsheaders/checks.py", line 7, in <module>
    from django.utils import six

类似问题:

我读了 Question这个 django-3.0 , release note ，但这些资源无法帮助我。

Answer 1

为什么会出现此错误/异常？
来自 django-3.0 release notes ,

django.utils.six - Remove usage of this vendored library or switch to six.

表示， django.utils.six 模块已从 中删除django-3.0起 .
我的代码库没有使用“ django.utils.six”模块，那么为什么会出现这个错误？
由于两个原因，可能会引发此导入错误，

最重要的是，您安装的任何软件包都在使用 django.utils.six模块

或者你的代码库使用 django.utils.six 模块

注意:大多数时候第一个原因是小人😖😖
如何识别导致错误/异常的包？
简单的方法是， 查看您最后几行错误回溯 ，它会告诉你哪个包导致了异常。
例子
排头
在本例中， corsheaders 模块导致导入错误

  File "/path-to-project/project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/corsheaders/__init__.py", line 1, in 
    from .checks import check_settings  # noqa: F401
  File "/path-to-project/project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/corsheaders/checks.py", line 7, in 
    from django.utils import six

示例 2
在本例中， jsonfield 模块导致导入错误

  File "d:\production\myproject\venv\lib\site-packages\jsonfield\fields.py", line 21, in 
    from .encoder import JSONEncoder
  File "d:\production\myproject\venv\lib\site-packages\jsonfield\encoder.py", line 2, in 
    from django.utils import six, timezone
ImportError: cannot import name 'six' from 'django.utils' (d:\production\myproject\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\__init__.py)

示例 3
在此示例中 parler 模块导致导入错误

...
File "/path/to/project/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/parler/utils/conf.py", line 10, in 
    from django.utils import six
ImportError: cannot import name 'six' from 'django.utils' (/path/to/project/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/utils/__init__.py)

示例 4
在此示例中 django_mysql 模块导致导入错误

  File "/home/jerin/.virtualenvs/webscraperio/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django_mysql/checks.py", line 9, in 
    from django_mysql.utils import collapse_spaces
  File "/home/jerin/.virtualenvs/webscraperio/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django_mysql/utils.py", line 17, in 
    from django.utils import six
ImportError: cannot import name 'six'

解决办法是什么？
如果由于某些第三方软件包引起的错误，如 django-cors-headers , django-jsonfield 等 将对应的包版本升级到最新版本 .如果您已经在使用最新版本，请向开发人员报告问题。
如果由于您的代码库引发错误，请使用 six包而不是 django.utils.six 模块