javascript - useEffect - 更新状态时防止无限循环

Question

我希望用户能够对待办事项列表进行排序。当用户从下拉列表中选择一个项目时，它将设置 sortKey，这将创建新版本的 setSortedTodos，并依次触发 useEffect并调用setSortedTodos。

下面的示例完全按照我想要的方式工作，但是 eslint 提示我将 todos 添加到 useEffect 依赖数组，如果我这样做，它会导致无限循环(正如您所期望的那样)。

const [todos, setTodos] = useState([]);
const [sortKey, setSortKey] = useState('title');

const setSortedTodos = useCallback((data) => {
  const cloned = data.slice(0);

  const sorted = cloned.sort((a, b) => {
    const v1 = a[sortKey].toLowerCase();
    const v2 = b[sortKey].toLowerCase();

    if (v1 < v2) {
      return -1;
    }

    if (v1 > v2) {
      return 1;
    }

    return 0;
  });

  setTodos(sorted);
}, [sortKey]);

useEffect(() => {
    setSortedTodos(todos);
}, [setSortedTodos]);

实例:

const {useState, useCallback, useEffect} = React;

const exampleToDos = [
    {title: "This", priority: "1 - high", text: "Do this"},
    {title: "That", priority: "1 - high", text: "Do that"},
    {title: "The Other", priority: "2 - medium", text: "Do the other"},
];

function Example() {
    const [todos, setTodos] = useState(exampleToDos);
    const [sortKey, setSortKey] = useState('title');

    const setSortedTodos = useCallback((data) => {
      const cloned = data.slice(0);

      const sorted = cloned.sort((a, b) => {
        const v1 = a[sortKey].toLowerCase();
        const v2 = b[sortKey].toLowerCase();

        if (v1 < v2) {
          return -1;
        }

        if (v1 > v2) {
          return 1;
        }

        return 0;
      });

      setTodos(sorted);
    }, [sortKey]);

    useEffect(() => {
        setSortedTodos(todos);
    }, [setSortedTodos]);

    const sortByChange = useCallback(e => {
        setSortKey(e.target.value);
    });
    
    return (
        <div>
            Sort by:&nbsp;
            <select onChange={sortByChange}>
                <option selected={sortKey === "title"} value="title">Title</option>
                <option selected={sortKey === "priority"} value="priority">Priority</option>
            </select>
            {todos.map(({text, title, priority}) => (
                <div className="todo">
                    <h4>{title} <span className="priority">{priority}</span></h4>
                    <div>{text}</div>
                </div>
            ))}
        </div>
    );
}

ReactDOM.render(<Example />, document.getElementById("root"));

body {
    font-family: sans-serif;
}
.todo {
    border: 1px solid #eee;
    padding: 2px;
    margin: 4px;
}
.todo h4 {
    margin: 2px;
}
.priority {
    float: right;
}

<div id="root"></div>

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.10.2/umd/react.production.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.10.2/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script>

我认为必须有一种更好的方法来做到这一点，让 eslint 满意。

Answer 1

我认为这意味着这种方式并不理想。该功能确实依赖于todos。如果在其他地方调用 setTodos，则必须重新计算回调函数，否则它将对陈旧数据进行操作。

为什么要将排序后的数组存储在状态中？您可以使用useMemo当键或数组更改时对值进行排序:

const sortedTodos = useMemo(() => {
  return Array.from(todos).sort((a, b) => {
    const v1 = a[sortKey].toLowerCase();
    const v2 = b[sortKey].toLowerCase();

    if (v1 < v2) {
      return -1;
    }

    if (v1 > v2) {
      return 1;
    }

    return 0;
  });
}, [sortKey, todos]);

然后到处引用sortedTodos。

实例:

const {useState, useCallback, useMemo} = React;

const exampleToDos = [
    {title: "This", priority: "1 - high", text: "Do this"},
    {title: "That", priority: "1 - high", text: "Do that"},
    {title: "The Other", priority: "2 - medium", text: "Do the other"},
];

function Example() {
    const [sortKey, setSortKey] = useState('title');
    const [todos, setTodos] = useState(exampleToDos);

    const sortedTodos = useMemo(() => {
      return Array.from(todos).sort((a, b) => {
        const v1 = a[sortKey].toLowerCase();
        const v2 = b[sortKey].toLowerCase();

        if (v1 < v2) {
          return -1;
        }

        if (v1 > v2) {
          return 1;
        }

        return 0;
      });
    }, [sortKey, todos]);

    const sortByChange = useCallback(e => {
        setSortKey(e.target.value);
    }, []);
    
    return (
        <div>
            Sort by:&nbsp;
            <select onChange={sortByChange}>
                <option selected={sortKey === "title"} value="title">Title</option>
                <option selected={sortKey === "priority"} value="priority">Priority</option>
            </select>
            {sortedTodos.map(({text, title, priority}) => (
                <div className="todo">
                    <h4>{title} <span className="priority">{priority}</span></h4>
                    <div>{text}</div>
                </div>
            ))}
        </div>
    );
}

ReactDOM.render(<Example />, document.getElementById("root"));

body {
    font-family: sans-serif;
}
.todo {
    border: 1px solid #eee;
    padding: 2px;
    margin: 4px;
}
.todo h4 {
    margin: 2px;
}
.priority {
    float: right;
}

<div id="root"></div>

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.10.2/umd/react.production.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.10.2/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script>

无需将排序后的值存储在状态中，因为您始终可以从“基”数组和排序键派生/计算排序后的数组。我认为它还使您的代码更容易理解，因为它不太复杂。