Django 表单与 ReactJS

Question

我有使用 Django 模板呈现的 Django 表单。现在，我想将 React 组件添加到其中一个表单字段(从长远来看，可能会添加到多个字段)。

根据我到目前为止所读到的内容，似乎最好不要将 Django 模板与 React 渲染混合在一起，让 Django 仅作为后端 API 发送 JSON 数据到 React，而 React 接管整个表单渲染。所以我现在尝试完全通过 React 重新渲染我的表单。

我现在创建了serializers.py来定义要发送到React的数据，而不是forms.py，并在我的环境中设置Django Rest Framework。现在我想弄清楚如何发送这些数据。有一些很好的在线教程(和 SO 帖子)讨论了将 Django/DRF 与 React 集成，但还没有找到通过 React 和 DRF 进行端到端表单渲染的单个示例。具体来说，任何人都可以让我知道我在 View 中真正写了哪些内容，这些内容对于来自 React 的尝试获取表单数据的 GET 请求有用？网络引用或所需的广泛步骤应该足以让我开始(并深入研究文档)。

更新:还在这里添加了serializer.py代码的简化版本:

from .models import Entity
from rest_framework import serializers


class EntitySerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Entity
        fields = ['name', 'role', 'location']
      

Answer 1

首先，我认为你需要检查related React documentation关于具有多个输入的表单。它为您提供了有关如何在 React 端构建事物的基本想法。

关于从服务器获取数据，您可以在componentDidMount中尝试类似的操作:

componentDidMount() {
    // Assuming you are using jQuery,
    // if not, try fetch().
    // Note that 2 is hardcoded, get your user id from 
    // URL or session or somewhere else.
    $.get('/api/profile/2/', (data) => {
        this.setState({
            formFields: data.fields // fields is an array
        });
    });
}

然后你可以在 render 方法中创建你的 html 输入元素，如下所示:

render () {
    let fields = this.state.formFields.map((field) => {
        return (
            <input type="text" value={field.value} onChange={(newValue) => {/* update your  state here with new value */ }} name={field.name}/>
        )
    });
    return (
        <div className="container">
            <form action="">
                {fields}
                <button onClick={this.submitForm.bind(this)}>Save</button>
            </form>
        </div>
    )
}

这是您的 submitForm 方法:

submitForm() {
    $.post('/api/profile/2/', {/* put your updated fields' data here */}, (response) => {
       // check if things done successfully.
    });
}

更新:

以下是 DRF View 的未经测试但应该有效示例:

from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView


class ProfileFormView(APIView):
    # Assume you have a model named UserProfile
    # And a serializer for that model named UserSerializer
    # This is the view to let users update their profile info.
    # Like E-Mail, Birth Date etc.

    def get_object(self, pk):
        try:
            return UserProfile.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except:
            return None

    # this method will be called when your request is GET
    # we will use this to fetch field names and values while creating our form on React side
    def get(self, request, pk, format=None):
        user = self.get_object(pk)
        if not user:
            return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'User with this id not found'})

        # You have a serializer that you specified which fields should be available in fo
        serializer = UserSerializer(user)
        # And here we send it those fields to our react component as json
        # Check this json data on React side, parse it, render it as form.
        return JsonResponse(serializer.data, safe=False)

    # this method will be used when user try to update or save their profile
    # for POST requests.
    def post(self, request, pk, format=None):
        try:
            user = self.get_object(pk)
        except:
            return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'User with this id not found'})

        e_mail = request.data.get("email", None)
        birth_date = request.data.get('birth_date', None)
        job = request.data.get('job', None)

        user.email = e_mail
        user.birth_date = birth_date
        user.job = job

        try:
            user.save()
            return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'message': 'Your profile updated successfully!'})
        except:
            return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'There was something wrong while updating your profile.'})

这是此 View 的相关网址:

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^api/profile/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', ProfileFormView.as_view()),
]