ruby-on-rails - 使用 rspec 获取 "ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: email_confirmation"错误

Question

我在运行测试时遇到了这个错误。我已经检查以确保所有 email_confirmation s 拼写正确并且(除非我疯了)它们是。我是一个 Rails 菜鸟，所以它可能很简单。

用户模型

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  attr_accessible :email, :email_confirmation, :first_name, :last_name,
                  :password, :password_confirmation
  has_secure_password

  before_save { |user| user.email = email.downcase }

  validates :first_name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 25 }
  validates :last_name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 25 }
  VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-.]+\.[a-z]+\z/i
  validates :email, presence: true, format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX },
                    uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false }
  validates :email_confirmation, presence: true
  validates :password, presence: true, length: { maximum: 6 }
  validates :password_confirmation, presence: true
end

Rspec 测试

require 'spec_helper'

describe User do
  before { @user = User.new(email: "user@example.com",
                            first_name: "John", last_name: "Smith",
                            password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar",
                            email_confirmation: "user@example.com") }

  subject { @user }

  it { should respond_to(:first_name) }
  it { should respond_to(:last_name) }
  it { should respond_to(:email) }
  it { should respond_to(:email_confirmation) }
  it { should respond_to(:password_digest) }
  it { should respond_to(:password) }
  it { should respond_to(:password_confirmation) }
  it { should respond_to(:authenticate) }

  it { should be_valid }

  describe "when first name is not present" do
    before { @user.first_name = " " }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when last name is not present" do
    before { @user.last_name = " " }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when email is not present" do
    before { @user.email = @user.email_confirmation = " " }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when password is not present" do
    before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = " " }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when first_name is too long" do
    before { @user.first_name = "a" * 26 }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when last_name is too long" do
    before { @user.last_name = "a" * 26 }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when email format is invalid" do
    it "should be invalid" do
      addresses = %w[user@foo,com user_at_foo.org example.user@foo.
                             foo@bar_baz.com foo@bar+baz.com]
      addresses.each do |invalid_address|
        @user.email = invalid_address
        @user.should_not be_valid
     end      
    end
  end

  describe "when email format is valid" do
    it "should be valid" do
      addresses = %w[user@foo.COM A_US-ER@f.b.org frst.lst@foo.jp a+b@baz.cn]
      addresses.each do |valid_address|
        @user.email = valid_address
        @user.should be_valid
      end      
    end
  end

  describe "when email address is already taken" do
    before do
      user_with_same_email = @user.dup
      user_with_same_email.email = @user.email.upcase
      user_with_same_email.save
    end

    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when password doesn't match confirmation" do
    before { @user.password_confirmation = "mismatch" }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when email doesn't match confirmation" do
    before { @user.email_confirmation = "mismatch@example.com" }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when password confirmation is nil" do
    before { @user.password_confirmation = nil }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when email confirmation is nil" do
    before { @user.email_confirmation = nil }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "with a password that's too short" do
    before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = "a" * 5 }
    it { should be_invalid }
  end

  describe "return value of authenticate method" do
    before { @user.save }
    let(:found_user) { User.find_by_email(@user.email) }

    describe "with valid password" do
      it { should == found_user.authenticate(@user.password) }
    end

    describe "with invalid password" do
      let(:user_for_invalid_password) { found_user.authenticate("invalid") }

      it { should_not == user_for_invalid_password }
      specify { user_for_invalid_password.should be_false }
    end
  end
end

模式文件

ActiveRecord::Schema.define(:version => 20130417021135) do

  create_table "users", :force => true do |t|
    t.string   "first_name"
    t.string   "last_name"
    t.string   "email"
    t.datetime "created_at",      :null => false
    t.datetime "updated_at",      :null => false
    t.string   "password_digest"
  end

  add_index "users", ["email"], :name => "index_users_on_email", :unique => true

end

Answer 1

您收到 UnknownAttributeError因为您的 users 中没有列表名为 email_confirmation .默认情况下，ActiveRecord 将查找与您用于构建模型的属性名称相同的 DB 列，但此行尝试使用数据库不知道的属性构建用户:

  before { @user = User.new(email: "user@example.com",
                        first_name: "John", last_name: "Smith",
                        password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar",
                        email_confirmation: "user@example.com") }

您真的打算将电子邮件确认保存在数据库中，还是只想在保存之前检查它是否与电子邮件匹配？我假设是后者，而且 Rails 实际上已经内置支持这样做:

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  validates :email, :confirmation => true
  validates :email_confirmation, :presence => true
end

查看更多详情 Rails Guide to Validations ，或 validates_confirmation_of API 文档。 (您可能需要为 :password_confirmation 做同样的事情。)