r - 如何在R中生成对象的排列或组合？

Question

如何从r对象生成n对象的序列？我正在寻找一种方法来进行置换或组合，有/无替换，使用明显和不明显的项目(也称为多集)。
这与twelvefold way有关。可以以十二种方式包括“不同”的解决方案，而不包括“非不同”的解决方案。

Answer 1

编辑:我已经更新了答案，以使用更有效的软件包 arrangements

开始使用arrangement

arrangements包含一些有效的生成器和迭代器，用于排列和组合。已经证明arrangements胜过大多数同类的现有软件包。可以找到一些基准here。

这是上述问题的答案

# 1) combinations: without replacement: distinct items

combinations(5, 2)

      [,1] [,2]
 [1,]    1    2
 [2,]    1    3
 [3,]    1    4
 [4,]    1    5
 [5,]    2    3
 [6,]    2    4
 [7,]    2    5
 [8,]    3    4
 [9,]    3    5
[10,]    4    5


# 2) combinations: with replacement: distinct items

combinations(5, 2, replace=TRUE)

      [,1] [,2]
 [1,]    1    1
 [2,]    1    2
 [3,]    1    3
 [4,]    1    4
 [5,]    1    5
 [6,]    2    2
 [7,]    2    3
 [8,]    2    4
 [9,]    2    5
[10,]    3    3
[11,]    3    4
[12,]    3    5
[13,]    4    4
[14,]    4    5
[15,]    5    5



# 3) combinations: without replacement: non distinct items

combinations(x = c("a", "b", "c"), freq = c(2, 1, 1), k = 2)

     [,1] [,2]
[1,] "a"  "a" 
[2,] "a"  "b" 
[3,] "a"  "c" 
[4,] "b"  "c" 



# 4) combinations: with replacement: non distinct items

combinations(x = c("a", "b", "c"), k = 2, replace = TRUE)  # as `freq` does not matter

     [,1] [,2]
[1,] "a"  "a" 
[2,] "a"  "b" 
[3,] "a"  "c" 
[4,] "b"  "b" 
[5,] "b"  "c" 
[6,] "c"  "c" 

# 5) permutations: without replacement: distinct items

permutations(5, 2)

      [,1] [,2]
 [1,]    1    2
 [2,]    1    3
 [3,]    1    4
 [4,]    1    5
 [5,]    2    1
 [6,]    2    3
 [7,]    2    4
 [8,]    2    5
 [9,]    3    1
[10,]    3    2
[11,]    3    4
[12,]    3    5
[13,]    4    1
[14,]    4    2
[15,]    4    3
[16,]    4    5
[17,]    5    1
[18,]    5    2
[19,]    5    3
[20,]    5    4



# 6) permutations: with replacement: distinct items

permutations(5, 2, replace = TRUE)

      [,1] [,2]
 [1,]    1    1
 [2,]    1    2
 [3,]    1    3
 [4,]    1    4
 [5,]    1    5
 [6,]    2    1
 [7,]    2    2
 [8,]    2    3
 [9,]    2    4
[10,]    2    5
[11,]    3    1
[12,]    3    2
[13,]    3    3
[14,]    3    4
[15,]    3    5
[16,]    4    1
[17,]    4    2
[18,]    4    3
[19,]    4    4
[20,]    4    5
[21,]    5    1
[22,]    5    2
[23,]    5    3
[24,]    5    4
[25,]    5    5


# 7) permutations: without replacement: non distinct items

permutations(x = c("a", "b", "c"), freq = c(2, 1, 1), k = 2)

     [,1] [,2]
[1,] "a"  "a" 
[2,] "a"  "b" 
[3,] "a"  "c" 
[4,] "b"  "a" 
[5,] "b"  "c" 
[6,] "c"  "a" 
[7,] "c"  "b" 



# 8) permutations: with replacement: non distinct items

permutations(x = c("a", "b", "c"), k = 2, replace = TRUE)  # as `freq` doesn't matter

      [,1] [,2]
 [1,] "a"  "a" 
 [2,] "a"  "b" 
 [3,] "a"  "c" 
 [4,] "b"  "a" 
 [5,] "b"  "b" 
 [6,] "b"  "c" 
 [7,] "c"  "a" 
 [8,] "c"  "b" 
 [9,] "c"  "c" 

与其他软件包比较

与现有软件包相比，使用 arrangements几乎没有优势。

集成框架:您不必为不同的方法使用不同的包。

非常有效。有关某些基准，请参见https://randy3k.github.io/arrangements/articles/benchmark.html。

内存效率高，能够生成全部13个!由于矩阵大小的限制，将1到13的排列置换为现有软件包将无法做到这一点。迭代器的getnext()方法允许用户一个接一个地安排。

生成的排列是某些用户可能希望的字典顺序。