rust - 如何在引用中两次使用迭代器!宏观？

Question

我正在尝试从 proc macro workshop 中实现构建器模式我正在创建一个 proc 宏，它解析一个结构，提取它的 name、field_names 和 field_types。它应该重现结构本身，并创建一个具有相同 field_names 但具有可选 类型的构建器结构。

我的问题是 field_name 和 field_type 是迭代器，我必须使用两次才能从一个结构中创建两个结构。

这是我的源码树

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── builder-derive
│   ├── Cargo.toml
│   └── src
│       └── lib.rs
└── src
    └── main.rs

./cargo.toml

[package]
name = "proc-macro-question"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["ropottnik <ropottnik@example.com>"]
edition = "2018"

[dependencies]
builder-derive = { path = "./builder-derive" }

./main.rs

#[derive(Builder)]
struct SomeStruct {
    some_field: i32,
}

fn main() {
    println!("Hello, world!");
}

./builder-derive/cargo.toml

[package]
name = "builder-derive"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["ropottnik <ropottnik@example.com>"]
edition = "2018"

[lib]
proc-macro = true

[dev-dependencies]
trybuild = { version = "1.0", features = ["diff"] }

[dependencies]
syn = { version= "1.0", features = ["extra-traits"] }
quote = "1.0"

./builder-derive/src/lib.rs

#[proc_macro_derive(Builder)]
pub fn derive(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
    let input = parse_macro_input!(input as DeriveInput);
    let name = &input.ident;
    let builder_name = format_ident!("{}Builder", &name);
    let fields = match &input.data {
        Data::Struct(DataStruct {
            fields: Fields::Named(fields),
            ..
        }) => &fields.named,
        _ => panic!("expected a struct with named fields"),
    };

    let field_name = fields.iter().map(|field| &field.ident);
    let field_type = fields.iter().map(|field| &field.ty);

    let expanded = quote! {
        pub struct #name {
            #(#field_name: #field_type,)*
        }

        pub struct #builder_name {
            #(#field_name: Option<#field_type>,)*
        }
    };

    expanded.into()
}

$ cargo run 输出

warning: unused import: `Ident`
 --> builder-derive/src/lib.rs:1:18
  |
1 | use proc_macro::{Ident, TokenStream};
  |                  ^^^^^
  |
  = note: `#[warn(unused_imports)]` on by default

error[E0382]: use of moved value: `field_name`
  --> builder-derive/src/lib.rs:22:20
   |
19 |       let field_name = fields.iter().map(|field| &field.ident);
   |           ---------- move occurs because `field_name` has type `Map<syn::punctuated::Iter<'_, syn::Field>, [closure@builder-derive/src/lib.rs:19:40: 19:60]>`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait
...
22 |       let expanded = quote! {
   |  ____________________^
23 | |         pub struct #name {
24 | |             #(#field_name: #field_type,)*
25 | |         }
...  |
29 | |         }
30 | |     };
   | |     ^
   | |     |
   | |_____`field_name` moved due to this method call
   |       value used here after move
   |
note: this function consumes the receiver `self` by taking ownership of it, which moves `field_name`
  --> /Users/simon/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/quote-1.0.8/src/runtime.rs:53:28
   |
53 |         fn quote_into_iter(self) -> (Self, HasIter) {
   |                            ^^^^
   = note: this error originates in a macro (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)

error[E0382]: use of moved value: `field_type`
  --> builder-derive/src/lib.rs:22:20
   |
20 |       let field_type = fields.iter().map(|field| &field.ty);
   |           ---------- move occurs because `field_type` has type `Map<syn::punctuated::Iter<'_, syn::Field>, [closure@builder-derive/src/lib.rs:20:40: 20:57]>`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait
21 |
22 |       let expanded = quote! {
   |  ____________________^
23 | |         pub struct #name {
24 | |             #(#field_name: #field_type,)*
25 | |         }
...  |
29 | |         }
30 | |     };
   | |     ^
   | |     |
   | |_____`field_type` moved due to this method call
   |       value used here after move
   |
   = note: this error originates in a macro (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)

我想我可以为每次使用创建一个迭代器，但这对我来说似乎不可能愚蠢 ;-)

Answer 1

迭代器只能使用零次或一次，不能多次；这是标准的 Rust，不涉及 quote! 宏:

fn example() {
    let nums = std::iter::empty::<i32>();
    for _ in nums {}
    for _ in nums {}
}

error[E0382]: use of moved value: `nums`
   --> src/lib.rs:4:14
    |
2   |     let nums = std::iter::empty::<i32>();
    |         ---- move occurs because `nums` has type `std::iter::Empty<i32>`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait
3   |     for _ in nums {}
    |              ----
    |              |
    |              `nums` moved due to this implicit call to `.into_iter()`
    |              help: consider borrowing to avoid moving into the for loop: `&nums`
4   |     for _ in nums {}
    |              ^^^^ value used here after move
    |
note: this function consumes the receiver `self` by taking ownership of it, which moves `nums`

即使您通过可变引用获取迭代器，迭代一次也会耗尽它，第二次使用时不会留下任何值。

您需要克隆迭代器:

use quote::quote; // 1.0.8

fn example() {
    let nums = std::iter::empty::<i32>();
    let nums2 = nums.clone();

    quote! {
        #(#nums)*
        #(#nums2)*
    };
}

您还可以将迭代器收集到 Vec 中并对其进行多次迭代:

use quote::quote; // 1.0.8

fn example() {
    let nums = std::iter::empty();
    let nums: Vec<i32> = nums.collect();
    
    quote! {
        #(#nums)*
        #(#nums)*
    };
}