Django:urls.py 中的 urlpatterns 格式

Question

我注意到在 Django 中有两种格式 urlpatterns在文件 urls.py :

urlpatterns = [
    url(...),
    url(...),
]

和

urlpatterns = pattern('',
    url(...),
    url(...),
)

第一个是 url的列表实例，第二个调用 pattern具有空字符串和数字 url 的模块实例作为参数。

两者有什么区别？

第二种格式的空字符串的目的是什么？

推荐使用哪一种？

Answer 1

根据 the documentation , patterns是:

A function that takes a prefix, and an arbitrary number of URL patterns, and returns a list of URL patterns in the format Django needs.

The first argument to patterns() is a string prefix.

它还提供了一个示例，说明您可能想要使用它的原因:

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', 'news.views.year_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', 'news.views.month_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', 'news.views.article_detail'),
)

In this example, each view has a common prefix – 'news.views'. Instead of typing that out for each entry in urlpatterns, you can use the first argument to the patterns() function to specify a prefix to apply to each view function.

With this in mind, the above example can be written more concisely as:

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = patterns('news.views',
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', 'year_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', 'month_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', 'article_detail'),
)

但是，请注意，此功能已弃用:

Deprecated since version 1.8:

urlpatterns should be a plain list of django.conf.urls.url() instances instead.

请注意 the explanation as to why包括(有充分的理由，显然!):

Thus patterns() serves little purpose and is a burden when teaching new users (answering the newbie’s question "why do I need this empty string as the first argument to patterns()?").