c# - WPF MVVM 控制台输出到 View 中的文本框

Question

我正在编写一个更新文件的应用程序，然后最终将更新的文件导入数据库。我想显示有关正在更新哪个文件以及该过程何时完成的消息。我希望消息来自控制台，因为最终我使用的导入器库会通过控制台显示有用的消息，我也希望显示这些消息。我之前可以在 WPF 应用程序中执行此操作，但我的所有代码都在 View 后面的代码中，我想保留 MVVM 模式并将代码分离到 ViewModel 中。我的问题是我不知道如何获取对 View 中的 TextBox 的引用。一旦我能够在我的 ViewModel 中获得 TextBox，我将能够将控制台写入发送到 TextBox。

这是我的看法

<Window x:Class="DICOM_Importer.Views.StudyImporterView"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DICOM_Importer.Views"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Background="Gold"
        Title="Importer" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Grid Style="{StaticResource gridBackground}">
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="125" />
            <ColumnDefinition />
            <ColumnDefinition />
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
            <RowDefinition Height="280" />
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>

        <StackPanel Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Orientation="Horizontal">
            <Label Style="{Binding Source={StaticResource studyTitle}}" Content="Study:" />
            <Label Style="{Binding Source={StaticResource studyTitle}}" Name="StudyImportViewStudyText" Content="{Binding ImporterTitle}" />
        </StackPanel>

        <StackPanel Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="3" Orientation="Horizontal" >
            <Label Style="{Binding Source={StaticResource studyTitle}}" Content="Import Directory" />
            <Label Style="{Binding Source={StaticResource studyTitle}}" Content="{Binding ImporterPath}" />
        </StackPanel>

        <Button Grid.Column="2" Grid.Row="1" Command="{Binding ImportCommand}" Style="{Binding Source={StaticResource buttonStyleImport}}" Content="Submit" />

        <TextBox Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="3" Grid.Row="2" x:Name="ImportConsole" />

    </Grid>
</Window>

这是 View 模型

using DICOM_Importer.Commands;
using DICOM_Importer.Views;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace DICOM_Importer.ViewModels
{
    public class StudyImporterViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged, IDataErrorInfo
    {
        private string importerTitle;
        private string importerPath;
        public DirectoryInfo[] directories;
        GetIndividualSubjectDirectories subjectDirectories = new GetIndividualSubjectDirectories();
        ConsoleOutputStream outputter;

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the study information from the HomeView
        /// </summary>
        public String ImporterTitle
        {
            get { return importerTitle; }
            set
            {
                importerTitle = value;
                OnPropertyChanged("ImporterTitle");
            }
        }

        public String ImporterPath
        {
            get { return importerPath; }
            set
            {
                importerPath = value;
                OnPropertyChanged("ImporterPath");
            }
        }


        public StudyImporterViewModel()
        {
            ImportCommand = new ActivateImport(this);
            outputter = new ConsoleOutputStream(ImportConsole); //Here is where the error is
            Console.SetOut(outputter);
        }

        public ICommand ImportCommand
        {
            get;
            private set;
        }

        public void Import()
        {
            MessageBoxResult result = MessageBox.Show("This will import every series in the Import Directory. Are you sure you want to Import?", "Import Confirmation", MessageBoxButton.OKCancel);


            switch (result)
            {
                case MessageBoxResult.OK:
                    if(importerTitle == "SPIROMICS2")
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Importing SPIROMICS2 Scans to Mifar");
                        directories = subjectDirectories.GetSubjectDirectories(importerPath);
                        subjectDirectories.GetSeriesDirectories(directories);
                        Console.WriteLine("Import Complete");

                    }
                    else if(importerTitle == "BLF")
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("BLF");
                    }
                    else if(importerTitle == "PRECISE")
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("PRECISE");
                    }

                    break;
                case MessageBoxResult.Cancel:
                    MessageBox.Show("CANCEL", "Nope!");
                    break;
            }
        }

        #region Error Model
        public string Error
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
        #endregion

        #region Error Definition
        public string this[string columnName]
        {
            get 
            {
                if (columnName == "ImporterTitle")
                {
                    if (String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ImporterPath))
                    {
                        Error = "There is no selected study to import";
                    }
                    else 
                    {
                        Error = null;
                    }
                }
                return Error;
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region PropertyChangedEventHandler
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        private void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
        {
            PropertyChangedEventHandler handler = PropertyChanged;

            if (handler != null)
            {
                handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
            }
        }
        #endregion


    }
}

这是我的 ConsoleOutputStream 命令

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Controls;

namespace DICOM_Importer.Commands
{
    class ConsoleOutputStream : TextWriter
    {
        TextBox textBox = null;


        public ConsoleOutputStream(TextBox ouput)
        {
            textBox = ouput;
        }

        public override void Write(char value)
        {
            base.Write(value);
            textBox.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new Action(() => {
                textBox.AppendText(value.ToString());
            }));
        }

        public override Encoding Encoding
        {
            get { return System.Text.Encoding.UTF8; }
        }
    }
}

这是按钮的命令，它将启动所有文件更改和导入

using DICOM_Importer.ViewModels;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace DICOM_Importer.Commands
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Starts the import processes on a button click if there is a study available 
    /// </summary>
    class ActivateImport : ICommand
    {

        private StudyImporterViewModel _studyImporterViewModel;

        public ActivateImport(StudyImporterViewModel viewModel)
        {
            _studyImporterViewModel = viewModel;
        }



        public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
        {
            //this is forcing the CommandManager to check the ICommand again. If we didn't have this then the buitton wouldl only be 
            //disabled if the window was loaded with a blank name, not if it was loaded with a name and then was deleted by the user
            add { CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value; }
            remove { CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value; }
        }

        public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
        {
            return String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_studyImporterViewModel.Error);
        }

        public void Execute(object parameter)
        {
            _studyImporterViewModel.Import();
        }
    }
}

任何帮助将非常感激!

Answer 1

您可以将控制台输出重定向到 StringWriter然后在每次生成新的控制台输出时将其内容写入绑定(bind)到文本框的字符串中。

查看型号

private StringWriter _sw;
public string ConsoleOut { /* getter and setter */ }

// inside constructor
_sw = new StringWriter();
Console.SetOut(sw);
Console.SetError(sw);

xml

<TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=ConsoleOut, Mode=OneWay}"/>

这里的问题是，每次你想在 TextBlock 中显示控制台输出时，你都需要用 S = _sw.ToString(); 更新 S 的值。

解决方案

我找到了 this answer实现增强的 StringWriter每次写入时触发事件的类。有了这个，你只需要做一个简单的更新:

查看型号

private StringWriterExt _sw;
public string ConsoleOut { /* getter and setter */ }

// inside constructor
_sw = new StringWriterExt(true);
Console.SetOut(sw);
Console.SetError(sw);
_sw.Flushed += (s, a) => ConsoleOut = _sw.ToString();