scala - 使用新的 Scala 反射 API 获取伴随对象实例

Question

使用 Scala 的新反射 API，是否可以获得对类的伴随对象的引用？我在想这些事情:

trait Base {
  def companion: MetaBase = someReflectionMagic(this).asInstanceOf[MetaBase]
}

trait MetaBase {
  // stuff
}

// ---

class Foo extends Base

object Foo extends MetaBase

assert(new Foo.companion == Foo)

Answer 1

戴夫!感谢您对新反射感兴趣。早期采用者在很大程度上插入了反射和宏的开发过程，我很高兴成为我们令人惊叹的社区的一员。

在回答您的问题之前，我想先声明一下。在 2.10.0-M4 中，我们刚刚奠定了 Scala 反射 API 的基础。它仍然很火爆，所以文档非常稀缺，而且 API 并没有完全充斥着各种便利。它有效，但需要测试和反馈。当然，弄乱预发布的 API 很麻烦，但我总是在这里提供帮助。

到目前为止，我们已经有了一个将来会成为反射 SIP 的草稿:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Z1VhhNPplbUpaZPIYdc0_EUv5RiGQ2X4oqp0i-vz1qw/edit#heading=h.pqwdkl1226tc .您可以立即阅读，也可以先浏览下面我的回答。

trait Base {
  def companion: MetaBase = {
    // runtime reflection is typically done
    // by importing things from scala.reflect.runtime package
    import scala.reflect.runtime._

    // the new Scala reflection API is mirror based
    // mirrors constitute a hierarchy of objects
    // that closely follows the hierarchy of the things they reflect
    // for example, for a class you'll have a ClassMirror
    // for a method you'll have a MethodMirror and so on
    // why go the extra mile?
    // because this provides more flexibility than traditional approaches
    // you can read more about mirror-based designs here:
    // https://dl.dropbox.com/u/10497693/Library/Computer%20Science/Metaprogramming/Reflection/mirrors.pdf
    // https://dl.dropbox.com/u/10497693/Library/Computer%20Science/Metaprogramming/Reflection/reflecting-scala.pdf

    // bottom line is that to do anything you will need a mirror
    // for example, in your case, you need a ClassMirror

    // remember I said that mirrors provide more flexibility?
    // for one, this means that mirror-based reflection facilities
    // might have multiple implementations
    // in a paper linked above, Gilad Bracha muses over a runtime
    // that loads things remotely over the network
    // in our case we might have different mirrors for JVM and CLR
    // well, anyways

    // the canonical (and the only one now) implementation of the mirror API
    // is Java-based reflection that uses out of the box classloaders
    // here's its root: https://github.com/scalamacros/kepler/blob/9f71e9f114c10b52350c6c4ec757159f06e55daa/src/reflect/scala/reflect/api/Mirrors.scala#L178
    // yeah, right, I've just linked a source file from trunk
    // we'll have Scaladocs for that soon, but for now take a look
    // this file is interfaces-only and is heavy on comments

    // to start with Java-based reflection implementation you need a classloader
    // let's grab one and instantiate the root mirror
    // btw, the same effect could be achieved by writing
    // `scala.reflect.runtime.currentMirror`
    val rootMirror = universe.runtimeMirror(getClass.getClassLoader)

    // now when we've finally entered the reflective world
    // we can get the stuff done
    // first we obtain a ClassSymbol that corresponds to the current instance
    // (ClassSymbols are to Scala the same as Classes are to Java)
    var classSymbol = rootMirror.classSymbol(getClass)

    // having a Scala reflection entity
    // we can obtain its reflection using the rootMirror
    val classMirror = rootMirror.reflectClass(classSymbol)

    // now we just traverse the conceptual hierarchy of mirrors
    // that closely follows the hierarchy of Scala reflection concepts
    // for example, a ClassMirror has a companion ModuleMirror and vice versa
    val moduleMirror = classMirror.companion.get

    // finally, we've arrived at our destination
    moduleMirror.instance.asInstanceOf[MetaBase]
  }
}

trait MetaBase {
  // stuff
}

// ---

class Foo extends Base

object Foo extends MetaBase

object Test extends App {
  assert(new Foo().companion == Foo)
}

更新。另请参阅 Daniel Sobral 的精彩帖子: http://dcsobral.blogspot.ch/2012/07/json-serialization-with-reflection-in.html .