ruby - 使用 ruby​​-install 在 Mac OSX Catalina 上安装 Ruby 2.2

Question

这是我尝试安装 Ruby 2.2 时得到的结果:

$ ruby-install ruby 2.2.10
# ...
>>> Compiling ruby 2.2.10 ...
    CC = clang
    LD = ld
    LDSHARED = clang -dynamic -bundle
    CFLAGS = -O3 -fno-fast-math -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wunused-variable -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wshorten-64-to-32 -Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wdivision-by-zero -Wdeprecated-declarations -Wextra-tokens   -pipe
    XCFLAGS = -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fstack-protector -fno-strict-overflow -fvisibility=hidden -DRUBY_EXPORT -fPIE
    CPPFLAGS = -I/opt/X11/include -I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/usr/local/opt/libyaml/include -I/usr/local/opt/gdbm/include -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT   -I. -I.ext/include/x86_64-darwin19 -I./include -I.
    DLDFLAGS = -Wl,-undefined,dynamic_lookup -Wl,-multiply_defined,suppress -L/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib -L/usr/local/opt/libyaml/lib -L/usr/local/opt/gdbm/lib  -fstack-protector -Wl,-u,_objc_msgSend -Wl,-pie -framework CoreFoundation
    SOLIBS = -lgmp
Apple clang version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.31.1)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin19.6.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin
translating probes probes.d
. ./vm_opts.h
file2lastrev.rb: does not seem to be under a vcs: .
make: [.revision.time] Error 1 (ignored)
./revision.h unchanged
compiling main.c
compiling dmydln.c
compiling miniinit.c
compiling miniprelude.c
compiling array.c
compiling bignum.c
compiling class.c
compiling compar.c
compiling complex.c
compiling dir.c
compiling dln_find.c
compiling encoding.c
encoding.c:825:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'rb_str_change_terminator_length' is invalid in C99 [-Werror,-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
        rb_str_change_terminator_length(obj, oldtermlen, termlen);
        ^
1 error generated.
make: *** [encoding.o] Error 1
!!! Compiling ruby 2.2.10 failed!

操作系统版本:10.15.6

ruby 安装版本:0.7.1

关于如何调试或解决这个问题的任何想法？在升级操作系统之前，我以前能够安装其他版本的 2.2。我还可以毫无问题地安装 Ruby 2.7 等更高版本

Answer 1

在我深思熟虑并意识到错误与使用 macOS 原生的 GCC 编译有关后，我决定进行测试。
因为旧版本的 Ruby 需要更新后的 make 中不再存在的指令，所以有必要下载旧版本的 Xcode 命令行工具。
首先，删除您的实际版本:sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools忽略关于缺少 git 的错误。
前往 https://developer.apple.com/download/more/并下载 11.x 版本的 Xcode 命令行工具。
我下载了 11.5 版，它工作正常。
我的运行返回 gcc -v

Configured with: --prefix = / Library / Developer / CommandLineTools / usr --with-gxx-include-dir = / Library / Developer / CommandLineTools / SDKs / MacOSX.sdk / usr / include / c ++ / 4.2.1
Apple clang version 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin19.6.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: / Library / Developer / CommandLineTools / usr / bin

与最近的命令行 12.x 进行比较，您将看到如下内容:

Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple clang version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.2)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin19.6.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin