automated-tests - 如何编写具有需要大量输入和大量输出的功能的 Gherkin 测试？

Question

我对小 cucumber 还很陌生，正在为我的第一个项目而苦苦挣扎。基本上，我们有很多输入参数，这些参数是一个精美的计算器所需要的，可以帮助人们确定他们是否能够负担抵押贷款。

我最好是专注于输出的一部分并仅指定该输入所需的输入，还是将每个输入列为单独的给定/与？例如

Scenario: Calculate loan amount and LVR
    Given the user is on the purchase calculator page
    And has filled in the rest of the calculator fields
    And entered $450,000 as their purchase price
    And entered $100,000 as their savings
    When the user submits the calculator
    Then the calculator will display the loan amount of $350,000
    And an LVR of 77.78%

或者

Scenario: calculate Homeloan affordability
    Given the user is on the Calculator page
    And the user has entered 21 Fake Street as the purchase property
    And the user entered $450,000 as their purchase price
    And the user entered $100,000 as their savings
    And the user has selected that there are two applicants
    And the user has selected two dependants
    And the user has entered $1000 monthly expences
    And...
    And...
    When the user clicks Calculate
    Then the calculator will display the loan amount of $350,000
    And an LVR of 77.78%
    And a predicted interest rate of 4.3%
    And display a google street view image of the property they have selected
    And...
    And...

第一个更有意义，更容易阅读，并且测试了功能的一个特定部分，所以它看起来是理所当然的。但是我该如何编写它并涵盖填写“并已填写计算器字段的其余部分”的所有必需(但对于此测试并不重要)信息？

我是否遗漏了一些明显的东西？

Answer 1

不幸的是，我不得不不同意之前的回应。使用 Gherkin 的最佳方法是通过示例。我们应该明确，而不是含蓄。有一些关于这个主题的很棒的书，包括《Specification by Examples》和《Writing Great Specifics》，它们对它的解释比我在这里更好。这是我的写法:

Scenario: Calculate loan amount and Loan to Value Ratio
   Given the user has filled in the purchase calculator information
      | Purchase Price | Savings  | 
      | $450,00        | $100,000 |
   When the user submits the calculator
   Then the calculator will display the loan details
      | Total Loan | LVR    |
      | $350,000   | 77.78% |

更好的是，您可以使用场景大纲

Scenario Outline: Calculate loan amount and Loan to Value Ratio
   Given the user has filled in the <purchase-price> and <savings> calculator information
   When the user submits the calculator
   Then the calculator will display the <total-loan> and <lvr>
   And the message bar will display <message>

Examples:
      | Purchase Price | Savings  | Total Loan | LVR    | Message              |
      | $450,000       | $100,000 | $350,000   | 77.78% |  OK                  |
      | $500,000       | $0       | $500,000   | 100%   |  OK                  |
      | $100,000       | $50,000  | $50,000    | 50%    |  OK                  |
      | $100,000       | $49,999  |  $0        | 0%     | Insufficient savings |

注意示例如何包含

1. 阳光灿烂的日子场景
2. 边界条件
3. 错误情况

您甚至可以有多组示例。您可以有一组像上面这样的示例，重点关注最低接受标准——获得非常繁忙的产品负责人批准所需的最低标准。然后，您可以在单独的示例集中包含额外的示例以进行彻底的测试。有很多可能性。

回答您的第二个问题 - 您是否始终在示例表中包含所有数据字段？答案是不。您包含重要的数据字段。必须包含实际影响答案的数据字段。应删除额外的数据。您还可以进行总结 - 例如，如果贷款申请人的位置很重要，请考虑仅使用邮政编码，而不是包含完整地址。您仍然可以在代码中获得完整的地址。

如果数据很重要，而且非常冗长，那么我会执行以下操作:将测试用例分割为几类。对于每个类别，只有少数数据字段会发生变化，其余部分保持不变。将恒定的内容放在场景上方的“背景”部分中。如果您仔细命名类别，即使对于非常复杂/大型的数据字段集，这也具有很好的可读性和可维护性。

这个网站很好地记录了 Gherkin:http://docs.behat.org/en/v2.5/guides/1.gherkin.html