powershell - 如何处理复制项的错误

Question

我有一个备份脚本，可以将多个文件目录复制到备份位置。不幸的是，并非文件夹中的所有文件都可以访问。历史是什么，它们被归档了，剩下的是一个带有灰色 x 的文件名。当我尝试复制它时，我收到以下消息:

Copy-Item : Access to the path 'E:\Backup\Loc\DO\zOLD_Under Review for NOT USED_keep for now\2006-06\N.doc' is denied.
At C:\Users\me\Documents\powershellFiles\Backup.ps1:13 char:4
+    Copy-Item -Path $SourcePath -Destination $DestinationPath -Force - ...
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : PermissionDenied: (N.doc:FileInfo) [Copy-Item], UnauthorizedAccessException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CopyDirectoryInfoItemUnauthorizedAccessError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.CopyItemCommand

是的，它提示的是 To Location，而不是 From Location。我已经打开了目录/文件，所以它不是只读的，但仍然得到这个。

此外，解决这些复制错误需要很长时间。如果我能避免一开始就尝试复制这些文件，那会快得多。这些文件中可能有 200 个已归档。

但是，我正在复制文件夹，而不是单独复制文件名。有些文件未存档在该文件夹中。没有计划清理它们。我试图确定何时发生错误，但只有在 $error.Exception -ne $null 语句将错误写入屏幕并且永远失败后才会到达我的断点(请参阅评论)。

知道如何过滤掉已归档的文件，或者抓取它们并对照数组或列表检查它们，这样我就不会收到错误消息吗？我还没有弄清楚如何在它们发生时找到它们，因为它正在复制整个文件夹。

我在看 error checking during copy-item但我不知道如何将其应用于我的问题。

这是复制方法:

function CopyFileToFolderUNC($SourcePath, $DestinationPath){
   if(-Not (Test-Path $SourcePath)) 
   {
      $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: No such path, $SourcePath;;  ")
      write-output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path, $SourcePath ++"
   }
   Copy-Item -Path $SourcePath -Destination $DestinationPath -Force -Recurse -errorVariable errors 
   foreach($error in $errors)
   {
        if ($error.Exception -ne $null)
        {
            $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: $($error.Exception);;  ")
            write-output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception) ++" #this breakpoint is hit after giving errors on screen and taking a long time/failing to copy files it can't reach
        }
        write-output  "Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception)"
    }
}

这是我根据@theo 建议的最新尝试，但它试图复制我没有测试我可以复制的文件的属性的文件，只是它上面的目录:

function CopyFileToFolderUNC($SourcePath, $DestinationPath, $exclude){
   if(-Not (Test-Path $SourcePath )) #-PathType Container
   {
      $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: No such path, $SourcePath;;  ")
      write-output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path, $SourcePath ++"
   }
   #$tempFileName = [System.IO.Path]::GetFileName($SourcePath)
   #$tempDestFileNamePath = "$DestinationPath\$tempFileName"
   Get-ChildItem -Path $SourcePath -Recurse -Force | ForEach {$_} {
      #test if maybe we are dealing with an off-line file here
      #or use the enum name 'Offline'
      # or use the numeric value: 4096
      #$oldAttribs = $null
      $attr = $_.Attributes.value__
      write-output  "++ $_ $attr ++"
      if (($_.Attributes -eq [System.IO.FileAttributes]::Offline) -or ($_.Attributes.value__ -eq "4096")) {
         $_.Attributes=[System.IO.FileAttributes]::Normal
         #$oldAttribs = $_.Attributes
         #make it a 'normal' file with only the Archive bit set
         #$_.Attributes = [System.IO.FileAttributes]::Archive
         #log that the file was an issue and copy the other ones
         $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Found offline file in backup dir, $_. Logging info and not copying this file. Offline. Please investigate.;;  ")
         write-output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path or file, Offline $_ ++"
      } #if
      elseif(($_.Attributes -eq [System.IO.Fileattributes]::Archive) -or ($_.Attributes.value__ -eq "32")) {
         $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Found offline file in backup dir, $_. Logging info and not copying this file. Archive. Please investigate.;;  ")
         write-output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path or file, Archive $_ ++"
      } #elseif
      elseif(($_.Attributes -eq [System.IO.Fileattributes]::SparseFile) -or ($_.Attributes.value__ -eq "512")) {
         $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Found offline file in backup dir, $_. Logging info and not copying this file. SparseFile. Please investigate.;;  ")
         write-output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path or file, SparseFile $_ ++"
      } #elseif
      elseif(($_.Attributes -eq [System.IO.Fileattributes]::ReparsePoint) -or ($_.Attributes.value__ -eq "1024")) {
         $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Found offline file in backup dir, $_. Logging info and not copying this file. ReparsePoint. Please investigate.;;  ")
         write-output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path or file, ReparsePoint $_ ++"
      } #elseif
      else {

         #the file is not or no longer off-line, so proceed with the copy
         $_ | Copy-Item -Destination $DestinationPath -Force -Recurse -ErrorVariable errors
         foreach($error in $errors)
         {
           if ($error.Exception -ne $null)
           {
               $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: $($error.Exception);;  ")
               write-output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception) ++"
           }
           write-output  "Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception)"
         }
      } #else
      #if ($oldAttribs) {
      #   $_.Attributes = $oldAttribs
      #}
   } #Get-ChildItem

例如，我正在测试\\drive\folder\Forms\C Forms\的目录，它说它是一个很好的属性“16”，但该目录中有一个文件试图复制到我的目标dir，我看到它具有以下属性:file.pdf Archive、SparseFile、ReparsePoint、Offline。但我没有测试那个文件，我测试属性的最后一件事是它所在的目录。

Answer 1

在我看来，您描述的文件是离线文件。
在您的函数中，您可以使用以下方法测试是否是这种情况:

function CopyFileToFolderUNC($SourcePath, $DestinationPath){
    if(-Not (Test-Path $SourcePath)) {
        $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: No such path, $SourcePath;;  ")
        Write-Output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path, $SourcePath ++"
    }

    # test if maybe we are dealing with an off-line file here
    if ((Get-Item -Path $SourcePath).Attributes -band 4096) {  # or use the enum name 'Offline'
        # or use .Net:
        # [System.IO.File]::GetAttributes($SourcePath) -band 4096
        Write-Output  "Did not copy: File '$SourcePath' is currently off-line. "
    }
    else {
        # the file is not off-line, so proceed with the copy
        Copy-Item -Path $SourcePath -Destination $DestinationPath -Force -Recurse -errorVariable errors 
        foreach($error in $errors)  {
            if ($error.Exception) {
                $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: $($error.Exception);;  ")
                Write-Output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception) ++" #this breakpoint is hit after giving errors on screen and taking a long time/failing to copy files it can't reach
            }
            Write-Output  "Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception)"
        }
    }
}

编辑

根据您的评论，我了解到该功能不是针对单个文件，而是针对在名为 $SourcePath 的目录中找到的所有文件。 .

在这种情况下，这里有一个更新的函数应该可以解决问题:

function CopyFileToFolderUNC($SourcePath, $DestinationPath){
    if(-Not (Test-Path $SourcePath -PathType Container)) {
        $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: No such path '$SourcePath'")
        Write-Output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path '$SourcePath' ++"
    }

    Get-ChildItem -Path $SourcePath -File | ForEach-Object {
        # test if maybe we are dealing with an off-line file here
        # or use the enum name 'Offline'
        # or use the numeric value: 4096
        if ($_.Attributes -band [System.IO.FileAttributes]::Offline) {  
            Write-Output  "Did not copy: File '$($_.FullName)' is currently off-line."
        }
        else {
            # the file is not off-line, so proceed with the copy
            $_ | Copy-Item -Destination $DestinationPath -Force -Recurse -ErrorVariable errors 
            foreach($error in $errors)  {
                if ($error.Exception) {
                    $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: $($error.Exception);;  ")
                    Write-Output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception) ++"
                }
                Write-Output  "Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception)"
            }
        }
    }
}

如果通过处理文件意味着您仍想复制它们，请改用它:

function CopyFileToFolderUNC($SourcePath, $DestinationPath){
    if(-Not (Test-Path $SourcePath -PathType Container)) {
        $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: No such path '$SourcePath'")
        Write-Output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. No such path '$SourcePath' ++"
    }

    Get-ChildItem -Path $SourcePath -File | ForEach-Object {
        # test if maybe we are dealing with an off-line file here
        # or use the enum name 'Offline'
        # or use the numeric value: 4096
        $oldAttribs = $null
        if ($_.Attributes -band [System.IO.FileAttributes]::Offline) {  
            $oldAttribs = $_.Attributes
            # make it a 'normal' file with only the Archive bit set
            $_.Attributes = [System.IO.FileAttributes]::Archive
        }

        # the file is not or no longer off-line, so proceed with the copy
        $_ | Copy-Item -Destination $DestinationPath -Force -Recurse -ErrorVariable errors 
        foreach($error in $errors)  {
            if ($error.Exception) {
                $global:ErrorStrings.Add("Exception: $($error.Exception);;  ")
                Write-Output  "++ Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception) ++"
            }
            Write-Output  "Error: An error occured during copy operation. Exception: $($error.Exception)"
        }

        # if you want the attributes in the original file to be restored, use:
        if ($oldAttribs) {
            $_.Attributes = $oldAttribs
        }
    }
}

见 FileAttributes Enum对于所有可能的属性值。

希望有帮助