wpf - CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested() 不够快。我能做些什么？

Question

短版

调用CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested()生效的时间比我想要的要长得多(在 UI 控件被禁用之前有 1-2 秒的延迟)。

加长版

我有一个系统，我将任务提交到基于后台线程的任务处理器。此提交发生在 WPF UI 线程上。

当这个提交发生时，管理我的后台线程的对象会做两件事:

它引发了多个 View 模型响应的“忙碌”事件(仍在 UI 线程上)；当他们收到这个事件时，他们设置了 IsEnabled标记自己到false .我的 View 中的控件(数据绑定(bind)到此属性)立即变灰，这是我所期望的。

它通知我的 WPF ICommand他们不应该被允许执行的对象(同样，仍然在 UI 线程上)。因为没有像 INotifyPropertyChanged 这样的东西对于 ICommand对象，我被迫调用CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested()强制 WPF 重新考虑我所有的命令对象的 CanExecute状态(是的，我确实需要这样做:否则，这些控件都不会被禁用)。但是，与第 1 项不同的是，使用 ICommand 的按钮/菜单项/等需要更长的时间。与具有 IsEnabled 的 UI 控件相比，对象在视觉上更改为禁用状态属性手动设置。

问题是，从用户体验的角度来看，这看起来是 可怕 ;我的一半控件立即变灰(因为它们的 IsEnabled 属性设置为 false)，然后整整 1-2 秒后，我的另一半控件也随之变灰(因为它们的 CanExecute 方法终于重新评估)。

所以，我的问题的第 1 部分:
听起来很傻，有没有办法让我 CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested()它的工作更快吗？我怀疑没有。

很公平，我的问题的第 2 部分:
我该如何解决这个问题？我希望同时禁用所有控件。否则它看起来不专业和尴尬。有任何想法吗？ :-)

Answer 1

CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested()尝试验证所有命令，这是完全无效的(在您的情况下很慢) - 在每次更改时，您都要求每个命令重新检查其 CanExecute() !

您需要该命令才能知道哪些对象和属性是它的CanExecute。依赖，并建议仅在它们更改时重新查询。这样，如果您更改对象的属性，则只有依赖于它的命令才会更改其状态。

这就是我解决问题的方法，但首先是一个预告片:

// in ViewModel's constructor - add a code to public ICommand:
this.DoStuffWithParameterCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(
    parameter =>
        {
            //do work with parameter (remember to check against null)
        },
    parameter => 
        {
            //can this command execute? return true or false
        }
    )
    .ListenOn(whichObject, n => n.ObjectProperty /*type safe!*/, this.Dispatcher /*we need to pass UI dispatcher here*/)
    .ListenOn(anotherObject, n => n.AnotherObjectProperty, this.Dispatcher); // chain calling!

该命令正在监听 NotifyPropertyChanged对象中影响它是否可以执行的事件，并且仅在需要重新查询时才调用检查。

现在，很多代码(我们内部框架的一部分)来做到这一点:

我用 DelegateCommand从棱镜，看起来像这样:

/// <summary>
///     This class allows delegating the commanding logic to methods passed as parameters,
///     and enables a View to bind commands to objects that are not part of the element tree.
/// </summary>
public class DelegateCommand : ICommand
{
    #region Constructors

    /// <summary>
    ///     Constructor
    /// </summary>
    public DelegateCommand(Action executeMethod)
        : this(executeMethod, null, false)
    {
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Constructor
    /// </summary>
    public DelegateCommand(Action executeMethod, Func<bool> canExecuteMethod)
        : this(executeMethod, canExecuteMethod, false)
    {
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Constructor
    /// </summary>
    public DelegateCommand(Action executeMethod, Func<bool> canExecuteMethod, bool isAutomaticRequeryDisabled)
    {
        if (executeMethod == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("executeMethod");
        }

        _executeMethod = executeMethod;
        _canExecuteMethod = canExecuteMethod;
        _isAutomaticRequeryDisabled = isAutomaticRequeryDisabled;

        this.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
    }

    #endregion

    #region Public Methods

    /// <summary>
    ///     Method to determine if the command can be executed
    /// </summary>
    public bool CanExecute()
    {
        if (_canExecuteMethod != null)
        {
            return _canExecuteMethod();
        }
        return true;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Execution of the command
    /// </summary>
    public void Execute()
    {
        if (_executeMethod != null)
        {
            _executeMethod();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Property to enable or disable CommandManager's automatic requery on this command
    /// </summary>
    public bool IsAutomaticRequeryDisabled
    {
        get
        {
            return _isAutomaticRequeryDisabled;
        }
        set
        {
            if (_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled != value)
            {
                if (value)
                {
                    CommandManagerHelper.RemoveHandlersFromRequerySuggested(_canExecuteChangedHandlers);
                }
                else
                {
                    CommandManagerHelper.AddHandlersToRequerySuggested(_canExecuteChangedHandlers);
                }
                _isAutomaticRequeryDisabled = value;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Raises the CanExecuteChaged event
    /// </summary>
    public void RaiseCanExecuteChanged()
    {
        OnCanExecuteChanged();
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Protected virtual method to raise CanExecuteChanged event
    /// </summary>
    protected virtual void OnCanExecuteChanged()
    {
        CommandManagerHelper.CallWeakReferenceHandlers(_canExecuteChangedHandlers);
    }

    #endregion

    #region ICommand Members

    /// <summary>
    ///     ICommand.CanExecuteChanged implementation
    /// </summary>
    public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
    {
        add
        {
            if (!_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled)
            {
                CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value;
            }
            CommandManagerHelper.AddWeakReferenceHandler(ref _canExecuteChangedHandlers, value, 2);
        }
        remove
        {
            if (!_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled)
            {
                CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value;
            }
            CommandManagerHelper.RemoveWeakReferenceHandler(_canExecuteChangedHandlers, value);
        }
    }

    bool ICommand.CanExecute(object parameter)
    {
        return CanExecute();
    }

    void ICommand.Execute(object parameter)
    {
        Execute();
    }

    #endregion

    #region Data

    private readonly Action _executeMethod = null;
    private readonly Func<bool> _canExecuteMethod = null;
    private bool _isAutomaticRequeryDisabled = false;
    private List<WeakReference> _canExecuteChangedHandlers;

    #endregion
}

/// <summary>
///     This class allows delegating the commanding logic to methods passed as parameters,
///     and enables a View to bind commands to objects that are not part of the element tree.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">Type of the parameter passed to the delegates</typeparam>
public class DelegateCommand<T> : ICommand
{
    #region Constructors

    /// <summary>
    ///     Constructor
    /// </summary>
    public DelegateCommand(Action<T> executeMethod)
        : this(executeMethod, null, false)
    {
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Constructor
    /// </summary>
    public DelegateCommand(Action<T> executeMethod, Func<T, bool> canExecuteMethod)
        : this(executeMethod, canExecuteMethod, false)
    {
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Constructor
    /// </summary>
    public DelegateCommand(Action<T> executeMethod, Func<T, bool> canExecuteMethod, bool isAutomaticRequeryDisabled)
    {
        if (executeMethod == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("executeMethod");
        }

        _executeMethod = executeMethod;
        _canExecuteMethod = canExecuteMethod;
        _isAutomaticRequeryDisabled = isAutomaticRequeryDisabled;
    }

    #endregion

    #region Public Methods

    /// <summary>
    ///     Method to determine if the command can be executed
    /// </summary>
    public bool CanExecute(T parameter)
    {
        if (_canExecuteMethod != null)
        {
            return _canExecuteMethod(parameter);
        }
        return true;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Execution of the command
    /// </summary>
    public void Execute(T parameter)
    {
        if (_executeMethod != null)
        {
            _executeMethod(parameter);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Raises the CanExecuteChaged event
    /// </summary>
    public void RaiseCanExecuteChanged()
    {
        OnCanExecuteChanged();
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Protected virtual method to raise CanExecuteChanged event
    /// </summary>
    protected virtual void OnCanExecuteChanged()
    {
        CommandManagerHelper.CallWeakReferenceHandlers(_canExecuteChangedHandlers);
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Property to enable or disable CommandManager's automatic requery on this command
    /// </summary>
    public bool IsAutomaticRequeryDisabled
    {
        get
        {
            return _isAutomaticRequeryDisabled;
        }
        set
        {
            if (_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled != value)
            {
                if (value)
                {
                    CommandManagerHelper.RemoveHandlersFromRequerySuggested(_canExecuteChangedHandlers);
                }
                else
                {
                    CommandManagerHelper.AddHandlersToRequerySuggested(_canExecuteChangedHandlers);
                }
                _isAutomaticRequeryDisabled = value;
            }
        }
    }

    #endregion

    #region ICommand Members

    /// <summary>
    ///     ICommand.CanExecuteChanged implementation
    /// </summary>
    public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
    {
        add
        {
            if (!_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled)
            {
                CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value;
            }
            CommandManagerHelper.AddWeakReferenceHandler(ref _canExecuteChangedHandlers, value, 2);
        }
        remove
        {
            if (!_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled)
            {
                CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value;
            }
            CommandManagerHelper.RemoveWeakReferenceHandler(_canExecuteChangedHandlers, value);
        }
    }

    bool ICommand.CanExecute(object parameter)
    {
        // if T is of value type and the parameter is not
        // set yet, then return false if CanExecute delegate
        // exists, else return true
        if (parameter == null &&
            typeof(T).IsValueType)
        {
            return (_canExecuteMethod == null);
        }
        return CanExecute((T)parameter);
    }

    void ICommand.Execute(object parameter)
    {
        Execute((T)parameter);
    }

    #endregion

    #region Data

    private readonly Action<T> _executeMethod = null;
    private readonly Func<T, bool> _canExecuteMethod = null;
    private bool _isAutomaticRequeryDisabled = false;
    private List<WeakReference> _canExecuteChangedHandlers;

    #endregion
}

/// <summary>
///     This class contains methods for the CommandManager that help avoid memory leaks by
///     using weak references.
/// </summary>
internal class CommandManagerHelper
{
    internal static void CallWeakReferenceHandlers(List<WeakReference> handlers)
    {
        if (handlers != null)
        {
            // Take a snapshot of the handlers before we call out to them since the handlers
            // could cause the array to me modified while we are reading it.

            EventHandler[] callees = new EventHandler[handlers.Count];
            int count = 0;

            for (int i = handlers.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                WeakReference reference = handlers[i];
                EventHandler handler = reference.Target as EventHandler;
                if (handler == null)
                {
                    // Clean up old handlers that have been collected
                    handlers.RemoveAt(i);
                }
                else
                {
                    callees[count] = handler;
                    count++;
                }
            }

            // Call the handlers that we snapshotted
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            {
                EventHandler handler = callees[i];
                handler(null, EventArgs.Empty);
            }
        }
    }

    internal static void AddHandlersToRequerySuggested(List<WeakReference> handlers)
    {
        if (handlers != null)
        {
            foreach (WeakReference handlerRef in handlers)
            {
                EventHandler handler = handlerRef.Target as EventHandler;
                if (handler != null)
                {
                    CommandManager.RequerySuggested += handler;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    internal static void RemoveHandlersFromRequerySuggested(List<WeakReference> handlers)
    {
        if (handlers != null)
        {
            foreach (WeakReference handlerRef in handlers)
            {
                EventHandler handler = handlerRef.Target as EventHandler;
                if (handler != null)
                {
                    CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= handler;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    internal static void AddWeakReferenceHandler(ref List<WeakReference> handlers, EventHandler handler)
    {
        AddWeakReferenceHandler(ref handlers, handler, -1);
    }

    internal static void AddWeakReferenceHandler(ref List<WeakReference> handlers, EventHandler handler, int defaultListSize)
    {
        if (handlers == null)
        {
            handlers = (defaultListSize > 0 ? new List<WeakReference>(defaultListSize) : new List<WeakReference>());
        }

        handlers.Add(new WeakReference(handler));
    }

    internal static void RemoveWeakReferenceHandler(List<WeakReference> handlers, EventHandler handler)
    {
        if (handlers != null)
        {
            for (int i = handlers.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                WeakReference reference = handlers[i];
                EventHandler existingHandler = reference.Target as EventHandler;
                if ((existingHandler == null) || (existingHandler == handler))
                {
                    // Clean up old handlers that have been collected
                    // in addition to the handler that is to be removed.
                    handlers.RemoveAt(i);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

然后我写了 ListenOn扩展方法，将命令“绑定(bind)”到属性，并调用其 RaiseCanExecuteChanged :

public static class DelegateCommandExtensions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Makes DelegateCommnand listen on PropertyChanged events of some object,
    /// so that DelegateCommnand can update its IsEnabled property.
    /// </summary>
    public static DelegateCommand ListenOn<ObservedType, PropertyType>
        (this DelegateCommand delegateCommand, 
        ObservedType observedObject, 
        Expression<Func<ObservedType, PropertyType>> propertyExpression,
        Dispatcher dispatcher)
        where ObservedType : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        //string propertyName = observedObject.GetPropertyName(propertyExpression);
        string propertyName = NotifyPropertyChangedBaseExtensions.GetPropertyName(propertyExpression);

        observedObject.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
        {
            if (e.PropertyName == propertyName)
            {
                if (dispatcher != null)
                {
                    ThreadTools.RunInDispatcher(dispatcher, delegateCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged);
                }
                else
                {
                    delegateCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
                }
            }
        };

        return delegateCommand; //chain calling
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Makes DelegateCommnand listen on PropertyChanged events of some object,
    /// so that DelegateCommnand can update its IsEnabled property.
    /// </summary>
    public static DelegateCommand<T> ListenOn<T, ObservedType, PropertyType>
        (this DelegateCommand<T> delegateCommand, 
        ObservedType observedObject, 
        Expression<Func<ObservedType, PropertyType>> propertyExpression,
        Dispatcher dispatcher)
        where ObservedType : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        //string propertyName = observedObject.GetPropertyName(propertyExpression);
        string propertyName = NotifyPropertyChangedBaseExtensions.GetPropertyName(propertyExpression);

        observedObject.PropertyChanged += (object sender, PropertyChangedEventArgs e) =>
        {
            if (e.PropertyName == propertyName)
            {
                if (dispatcher != null)
                {
                    ThreadTools.RunInDispatcher(dispatcher, delegateCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged);
                }
                else
                {
                    delegateCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
                }
            }
        };

        return delegateCommand; //chain calling
    }
}

然后，您需要将以下扩展名添加到 NotifyPropertyChanged

    /// <summary>
/// <see cref="http://dotnet.dzone.com/news/silverlightwpf-implementing"/>
/// </summary>
public static class NotifyPropertyChangedBaseExtensions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Raises PropertyChanged event.
    /// To use: call the extension method with this: this.OnPropertyChanged(n => n.Title);
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">Property owner</typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="TProperty">Type of property</typeparam>
    /// <param name="observableBase"></param>
    /// <param name="expression">Property expression like 'n => n.Property'</param>
    public static void OnPropertyChanged<T, TProperty>(this T observableBase, Expression<Func<T, TProperty>> expression) where T : INotifyPropertyChangedWithRaise
    {
        observableBase.OnPropertyChanged(GetPropertyName<T, TProperty>(expression));
    }

    public static string GetPropertyName<T, TProperty>(Expression<Func<T, TProperty>> expression) where T : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        if (expression == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("expression");

        var lambda = expression as LambdaExpression;
        MemberExpression memberExpression;
        if (lambda.Body is UnaryExpression)
        {
            var unaryExpression = lambda.Body as UnaryExpression;
            memberExpression = unaryExpression.Operand as MemberExpression;
        }
        else
        {
            memberExpression = lambda.Body as MemberExpression;
        }

        if (memberExpression == null)
            throw new ArgumentException("Please provide a lambda expression like 'n => n.PropertyName'");

        MemberInfo memberInfo = memberExpression.Member;

        if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(memberInfo.Name))
            throw new ArgumentException("'expression' did not provide a property name.");

        return memberInfo.Name;
    }
}

在哪里 INotifyPropertyChangedWithRaise是这样的吗(它建立了引发 NotifyPropertyChanged 事件的标准接口(interface)):

public interface INotifyPropertyChangedWithRaise : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName);
}

最后一 block 拼图是这样的:

public class ThreadTools
{
    public static void RunInDispatcher(Dispatcher dispatcher, Action action)
    {
        RunInDispatcher(dispatcher, DispatcherPriority.Normal, action);
    }

        public static void RunInDispatcher(Dispatcher dispatcher, DispatcherPriority priority, Action action)
    {
        if (action == null) { return; }

        if (dispatcher.CheckAccess())
        {
            // we are already on thread associated with the dispatcher -> just call action
            try
            {
                action();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                //Log error here!
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // we are on different thread, invoke action on dispatcher's thread
            dispatcher.BeginInvoke(
                priority,
                (Action)(
                () =>
                {
                    try
                    {
                        action();
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        //Log error here!
                    }
                })
            );
        }
    }
}