python - 如何使用 django 应用程序在 AWS S3 中上传文件？

Question

我在上传用户个人资料图片时遇到问题。现在，当我在 Django 管理中创建用户并从管理仪表板上传文件时，它可以正常工作，没有错误。它按照应有的方式进入我的 AWS S3 存储桶，但这显然是不可行的，我一直在寻找解决方案 3 到 4 天，但没有成功或没有任何令人满意的结果。我显然不会向用户提供仪表板访问权限。使用的数据库是MongoDB，数据库引擎是djongo。

这是我的设置.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'profileupload',
    's3direct',
    'storages',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django.contrib.humanize',
]
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = 'MY_SPECIAL_KEY'
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = 'MY_SPECIAL_KEY_NAME'
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = 'S3_BUCKET'
AWS_S3_FILE_OVERWRITE = False
AWS_DEFAULT_ACL = None
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'

我的 urls.py

from django.urls import path, include
from .views import signup_form
urlpatterns = [
    path('signup', signup_form, name='signup'),
]

我的模型.py

class profile(models.Model):
    profile_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True,unique=True)
    profile_username = models.CharField(max_length=100,unique=True)
    profile_name = models.CharField(max_length=150)
    profile_email = models.EmailField(max_length=200)
    profile_create_time = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
    profile_dob = models.DateField()
    profile_password = models.CharField(max_length=50, null=True)
    profile_picture = models.ImageField(default='default.jpg', upload_to='profile_pics')

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.profile_username)

我的观点.py

def signup_form(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        if request.POST.get('profile_username') and request.POST.get('profile_name') and request.POST.get('profile_email') and request.POST.get('profile_dob') and request.POST.get('profile_password') and request.POST.get('profile_picture'):
            pr = profile()
            pr.profile_username = request.POST.get('profile_username')
            pr.profile_name = request.POST.get('profile_name')
            pr.profile_email = request.POST.get('profile_email')
            pr.profile_password = request.POST.get('profile_password')
            pr.profile_dob = request.POST.get('profile_dob')
            pr.profile_picture = request.POST.get('profile_picture')
            try:
                pr.save()
                print('setProfile success')
                return redirect('index.html')
            except Exception as e:
                return render(request, 'signup.html')
            return render(request, 'signup.html') 
    else:
        return render(request, 'signup.html')

我的注册表单“signup.html”

{% extends 'index.html' %}
{% block content %}

<form method='POST'>
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <label>USERNAME</label>
        <input type="text" placeholder="" name="profile_username" required/>
    </div><br>
    <div>
        <label>NAME</label>
        <input type="text" placeholder="" name="profile_name" required/>
    </div><br>
    <div>
        <label>EMAIL</label>
        <input type="email" placeholder="" name="profile_email" required/>
    </div><br>
    <div>
        <label>Password</label>
        <input type="password" placeholder="" name="profile_password" required/>
    </div><br>
    <div>
        <label>DOB</label>
        <input type="date" placeholder="" name="profile_dob" required/>
    </div><br>
    <div>
        <label>Profile Picture</label>
        <input type="file" placeholder="" name="profile_picture" required/>
    </div><br>
    <button type="submit">submit</button>
</form>
<a href="/">Home</a>
{% endblock content %}

另外，我想更改上传文件的名称，Django admin上传的文件按原样使用文件名，但是当我将这个应用程序公开给公众时，文件名必须正确以避免覆盖或多次使用同一文件

Answer 1

正如已经提到的，一种方法是直接使用 boto3 库。

另一种方法是使用 django-storages 的 save 功能(它也在后台使用 boto3)。

• 引用号:https://django-storages.readthedocs.io/en/latest/backends/amazon-S3.html

如果只有1个桶:

设置.py

...

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    "storages",
    ...
]

...


DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = 'my-access-key-id'
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = 'my-secret-access-key'
# Depending on the AWS account used, you might also need to declare AWS_SESSION_TOKEN as an environment variable

AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = 'my-bucket'

...

View .py

from io import BytesIO

from django.core.files.storage import default_storage
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from rest_framework.response import Response


@api_view(('GET',))
def save_file(request):
    file_name = "toguro.txt"
    file_content = b"I have my full 100% power now!"
    file_content_io = BytesIO(file_content)

    default_storage.save(file_name, file_content_io)

    return Response({"message": "File successfully saved"})

如果有很多桶:

设置.py

...

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    "storages",
    ...
]

...

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = 'my-access-key-id'
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = 'my-secret-access-key'
# Depending on the AWS account used, you might also need to declare AWS_SESSION_TOKEN as an environment variable

...

View .py

from io import BytesIO

from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from rest_framework.response import Response
from storages.backends.s3boto3 import S3Boto3Storage


# For a clear separation-of-concern, you should consider placing this code to its appropriate place
class MyStorage1(S3Boto3Storage):
    bucket_name = 'my-bucket-1'


class MyStorage2(S3Boto3Storage):
    bucket_name = 'my-bucket-2'


@api_view(('GET',))
def save_file(request):
    file_name_1 = "toguro.txt"
    file_name_2 = "sensui.txt"
    file_content_1 = b"I have my full 100% power now!"
    file_content_2 = b"I will release the S-Class demons!"
    file_content_io_1 = BytesIO(file_content_1)
    file_content_io_2 = BytesIO(file_content_2)

    storage1 = MyStorage1()
    storage2 = MyStorage2()
    storage1.save(file_name_1, file_content_io_1)
    storage2.save(file_name_2, file_content_io_2)

    return Response({"message": "File successfully saved"})