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javascript - 如何使用矢量作为坐标在 Canvas 上绘制对象?

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-12-03 07:50:45 26 4
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我是编程初学者,我想进行黑洞模拟,我无法使用向量作为坐标来绘制对象(我希望它是这样的,这样我就可以在之后使用向量对它们进行动画处理),这是我的代码:

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>test trou noir</title>
<script>


var canvas, ctx;
var blackhole;
var circle;
var circles = new Array();

function init (){
var G = 6.67e-11, //gravitational constant
c = 3e8, //speed of light (m/s)
M = 12e31, // masseof the blackhole in kg (60 solar masses)
Rs = (2 * G * M) / 9e16, //Schwarzchild radius
pixel_Rs = Rs / 1e3,// scaled radius

canvas = document.getElementById ("space");
ctx = canvas.getContext ('2d');

drawCircle();

blackhole = new Ball (pixel_Rs, new Vector (700, 400), "black" );

blackhole.draw (ctx);




};

function Ball (radius, pos2D, color, vx, vy){
this.radius = radius;

this.pos2D = pos2D;
this.color = color;
this.vx = vx;
this.vy = vy;
};
Ball.prototype.draw = function (ctx){
ctx.fillStyle = this.color;
ctx.beginPath ();
ctx.arc ( pos2D, this.radius, 0, 2*Math.PI);
ctx.closePath ();
ctx.fill();
};



function drawCircle (ctx){
canvas = document.getElementById ("space");
ctx = canvas.getContext ('2d');
for (var i = 0; i<200; i++){
circle = new Ball (5,new Vector( Math.floor (Math.random()*1400), Math.floor (Math.random()*800)), "grey");
circle.draw (ctx)
circles.push (circle);
}
};

function Vector2D (x,y){
this.x = x;
this.y= y;
}

Vector2D.prototype = {
length: function (){
return this.x*this.x + this.y*this.y;
},
add: function (vec){
return new Vector2D (this.x + vec.x, this.y + vec.y);

},

subtract: function (vec){
return new Vector2D (this.x - vec.x, this.y - vec.y);
},
decrementBy: function (vec){
this.x -= vec.x;
this.y -= vec.y;
}

};






window.onload = init;

</script>
<style>
body {
background-color:#021c36 ;
margin: 0px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>


<canvas id ="space", width = "1400", height = "800">
</canvas>
</body>
</html>

现在,我认为这是因为 arc() 方法没有具体的坐标,但是我如何实现矢量坐标以便它在 Canvas 上绘制一些东西呢?如果有人有一个想法那就太好了,如果有人有一些关于如何使用矢量为 100 个对象制作动画的提示,那就太好了。非常感谢

更新后我创建了功能更新,但我无法使其工作,代码如下: function update (){ for (var i = 0; i<200; i++){ var vec2D = new Vector2D (Math.floor (Math.random()*1400), Math.floor (Math.random()*800)); circle = new Ball (5,vec2D.x,vec2D.y, "grey"); circle.draw (ctx) circles.push (circle); var distance = Math.sqrt (((vec2D.x-700)*(vec2D.x-700))+((vec2D.y400)* (vec2D.y-400))); if (distance > pixel_Rs){ var delta = new Vector2D(1,1); var forceDirection = Math.atan2(vec2D.y-700,vec2D.x-400); delta.x += Math.cos(forceDirection)*3 ; delta.y += Math.sin(forceDirection)*3; vec2D.x += delta.x;
vec2D.y += delta.y; requestAnimationFrame (update);

   }

}

};

我暂时不用外力就做到了,但我无法让它发挥作用,你知道为什么吗?PS:对代码感到抱歉,我的编辑不想正常工作:(

最佳答案

用矢量绘制。

// defining
var Vec = function(x,y){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}

// creating
var vec2D = new Vec(100,100);

// Using
ctx.arc(vec2D.x, vec2D.y, radius, 0, Math.PI *2);

要为矢量设置动画,您需要每秒更新多次。现代浏览器提供了一个功能来帮助您实现这一点。

requestAnimationFrame(yourRenderFuntion) 将在准备好处理另一帧时调用 yourRenderFunction。要使用它,您需要创建一个更新函数来完成所有绘图,并在完成后请求下一帧。

function update(time){ // Time is passed by requestAnimationFrame

// code to do the drawing and animation.

// request another frame
requestAnimationFrame(update);
}
// to start it
requestAnimationFrame(update);

然后你需要做 Action 。我将创建第二个向量来保存每帧的增量变化。

var delta = new Vec(1,1);

然后在更新函数中将力添加到增量并将其添加到位置向量

// get direction of force
var forceDirection = Math.atan2(vec2D.y-blackHole.pos.y,vec2D.x-blackHole.pos.x);
// get magnitude of force
var force = getForce(vec2D); // get force of gravity you write that function

// apply that to the delta
delta.x += Math.cos(forceDirection) * force;
delta.y += Math.sin(forceDirection) * force;

// then update the position
vec2D.x += delta.x; // do it for both x and y axis
vec2D.y += delta.y;

然后您可以在下一个位置绘制对象。

关于javascript - 如何使用矢量作为坐标在 Canvas 上绘制对象?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35000506/

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