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powershell - 在powershell中返回消息而不是msi的退出代码

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-12-03 07:49:43 25 4
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有没有办法让 msiexec 返回 错误/成功消息 而不是默认的退出代码 ?例如:

msiexec /i "D:/path/installer.msi"

可能返回 1603 , 并引用 the lookup table解释说

A fatal error occurred during installation.



我想要这条消息,甚至是错误代码 ERROR_INSTALL_FAILURE要返回而不是退出代码 1603 .

最佳答案

注意:不确定投入此答案的努力是否符合实际目的,但演示各种高级 PowerShell 技术可能很有趣:使用自动 $matches 进行高级正则表达式匹配变量,通过 Invoke-WebRequest 抓取网页,并通过 Add-Type 调用 Windows API .

查找功能friendlyMsiExec下面,其中

  • 爬取 MSDN 页面获取官方定义的 MSI 错误代码表(退出代码)
  • 如果失败 - 抓取不是最强大的技术(页面结构和 URL 更改) - 该函数会发出警告并改用硬编码表。
  • 调用 msiexec同步在scraped/built-in表中查找退出码,输出退出码对应的错误信息。

  • 定义后,您可以按如下方式调用它:
    > friendlyMsiExec /i "D:/path/installer.msi" # assume the exit code is 1603
    A fatal error occurred during installation. (1603)

    笔记:
  • 退出代码将显示为 $LASTEXITCODE函数返回后。
  • 抓取不仅不是最强大的,而且页面下载和解析需要几秒钟,尽管在 MSI 安装的上下文中这可能并不重要。
  • 退出代码也可以是常规的 Windows API 错误代码(“Winerror.h 中的任何错误”),因此,作为后备,FormatMessage引用了 Windows API 函数,由 this helpful C# answer 的改编提供.

  • function friendlyMsiExec {
    # Try to scrape the MSDN page for the complete list of error codes (exit codes).
    # Note: This is not the most robust approach as web pages aren't designed for
    # programmatic data extraction, and the format of the page may change over time.
    $htErrors = @{}
    # Table is in a <table> element with attritubte 'summary="table"'.
    $tbl = (Invoke-WebRequest 'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa376931(v=vs.85).aspx').ParsedHtml.getElementsByTagName('table') | ? { $_.getAttribute('summary') -eq 'table' }
    # Parse the text representation (.InnerText) using regular expressions.
    $tbl.InnerText -split '\r?\n' | % { if ($_ -match "^(ERROR_.+?)(\d+)(.+)$") { $htErrors.Add([int] $matches[2], @( $matches[1], $matches[3] )) } }
    if ($htErrors.Count -eq 0) { # Scraping failed, use hard-coded table (current as of 2 Nov 2016).
    Write-Warning "Scraping the MSDN page for error codes failed, falling back to hard-coded table."
    $htErrors = @{
    0 = 'ERROR_SUCCESS', 'The action completed successfully.'
    13 = 'ERROR_INVALID_DATA', 'The data is invalid.'
    87 = 'ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER', 'One of the parameters was invalid.'
    120 = 'ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED', 'This value is returned when a custom action attempts to call a function that cannot be called from custom actions. The function returns the value ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
    1259 = 'ERROR_APPHELP_BLOCK', 'If Windows Installer determines a product may be incompatible with the current operating system, it displays a dialog box informing the user and asking whether to try to install anyway. This error code is returned if the user chooses not to try the installation.'
    1601 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_SERVICE_FAILURE', 'The Windows Installer service could not be accessed. Contact your support personnel to verify that the Windows Installer service is properly registered.'
    1602 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_USEREXIT', 'The user cancels installation.'
    1603 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_FAILURE', 'A fatal error occurred during installation.'
    1604 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_SUSPEND', 'Installation suspended, incomplete.'
    1605 = 'ERROR_UNKNOWN_PRODUCT', 'This action is only valid for products that are currently installed.'
    1606 = 'ERROR_UNKNOWN_FEATURE', 'The feature identifier is not registered.'
    1607 = 'ERROR_UNKNOWN_COMPONENT', 'The component identifier is not registered.'
    1608 = 'ERROR_UNKNOWN_PROPERTY', 'This is an unknown property.'
    1609 = 'ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE_STATE', 'The handle is in an invalid state.'
    1610 = 'ERROR_BAD_CONFIGURATION', 'The configuration data for this product is corrupt. Contact your support personnel.'
    1611 = 'ERROR_INDEX_ABSENT', 'The component qualifier not present.'
    1612 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_SOURCE_ABSENT', 'The installation source for this product is not available. Verify that the source exists and that you can access it.'
    1613 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_PACKAGE_VERSION', 'This installation package cannot be installed by the Windows Installer service. You must install a Windows service pack that contains a newer version of the Windows Installer service.'
    1614 = 'ERROR_PRODUCT_UNINSTALLED', 'The product is uninstalled.'
    1615 = 'ERROR_BAD_QUERY_SYNTAX', 'The SQL query syntax is invalid or unsupported.'
    1616 = 'ERROR_INVALID_FIELD', 'The record field does not exist.'
    1618 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_ALREADY_RUNNING', 'Another installation is already in progress. Complete that installation before proceeding with this install.'
    1619 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_PACKAGE_OPEN_FAILED', 'This installation package could not be opened. Verify that the package exists and is accessible, or contact the application vendor to verify that this is a valid Windows Installer package.'
    1620 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_PACKAGE_INVALID', 'This installation package could not be opened. Contact the application vendor to verify that this is a valid Windows Installer package.'
    1621 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_UI_FAILURE', 'There was an error starting the Windows Installer service user interface. Contact your support personnel.'
    1622 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_LOG_FAILURE', 'There was an error opening installation log file. Verify that the specified log file location exists and is writable.'
    1623 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_LANGUAGE_UNSUPPORTED', 'This language of this installation package is not supported by your system.'
    1624 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_TRANSFORM_FAILURE', 'There was an error applying transforms. Verify that the specified transform paths are valid.'
    1625 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_PACKAGE_REJECTED', 'This installation is forbidden by system policy. Contact your system administrator.'
    1626 = 'ERROR_FUNCTION_NOT_CALLED', 'The function could not be executed.'
    1627 = 'ERROR_FUNCTION_FAILED', 'The function failed during execution.'
    1628 = 'ERROR_INVALID_TABLE', 'An invalid or unknown table was specified.'
    1629 = 'ERROR_DATATYPE_MISMATCH', 'The data supplied is the wrong type.'
    1630 = 'ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_TYPE', 'Data of this type is not supported.'
    1631 = 'ERROR_CREATE_FAILED', 'The Windows Installer service failed to start. Contact your support personnel.'
    1632 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_TEMP_UNWRITABLE', 'The Temp folder is either full or inaccessible. Verify that the Temp folder exists and that you can write to it.'
    1633 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_PLATFORM_UNSUPPORTED', 'This installation package is not supported on this platform. Contact your application vendor.'
    1634 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_NOTUSED', 'Component is not used on this machine.'
    1635 = 'ERROR_PATCH_PACKAGE_OPEN_FAILED', 'This patch package could not be opened. Verify that the patch package exists and is accessible, or contact the application vendor to verify that this is a valid Windows Installer patch package.'
    1636 = 'ERROR_PATCH_PACKAGE_INVALID', 'This patch package could not be opened. Contact the application vendor to verify that this is a valid Windows Installer patch package.'
    1637 = 'ERROR_PATCH_PACKAGE_UNSUPPORTED', 'This patch package cannot be processed by the Windows Installer service. You must install a Windows service pack that contains a newer version of the Windows Installer service.'
    1638 = 'ERROR_PRODUCT_VERSION', 'Another version of this product is already installed. Installation of this version cannot continue. To configure or remove the existing version of this product, use Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel.'
    1639 = 'ERROR_INVALID_COMMAND_LINE', 'Invalid command line argument. Consult the Windows Installer SDK for detailed command-line help.'
    1640 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_REMOTE_DISALLOWED', 'The current user is not permitted to perform installations from a client session of a server running the Terminal Server role service.'
    1641 = 'ERROR_SUCCESS_REBOOT_INITIATED', 'The installer has initiated a restart. This message is indicative of a success.'
    1642 = 'ERROR_PATCH_TARGET_NOT_FOUND', 'The installer cannot install the upgrade patch because the program being upgraded may be missing or the upgrade patch updates a different version of the program. Verify that the program to be upgraded exists on your computer and that you have the correct upgrade patch.'
    1643 = 'ERROR_PATCH_PACKAGE_REJECTED', 'The patch package is not permitted by system policy.'
    1644 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_TRANSFORM_REJECTED', 'One or more customizations are not permitted by system policy.'
    1645 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_REMOTE_PROHIBITED', 'Windows Installer does not permit installation from a Remote Desktop Connection.'
    1646 = 'ERROR_PATCH_REMOVAL_UNSUPPORTED', 'The patch package is not a removable patch package. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
    1647 = 'ERROR_UNKNOWN_PATCH', 'The patch is not applied to this product. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
    1648 = 'ERROR_PATCH_NO_SEQUENCE', 'No valid sequence could be found for the set of patches. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
    1649 = 'ERROR_PATCH_REMOVAL_DISALLOWED', 'Patch removal was disallowed by policy. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
    1650 = 'ERROR_INVALID_PATCH_XML', 'The XML patch data is invalid. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
    1651 = 'ERROR_PATCH_MANAGED_ADVERTISED_PRODUCT', 'Administrative user failed to apply patch for a per-user managed or a per-machine application that is in advertise state. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
    1652 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_SERVICE_SAFEBOOT', 'Windows Installer is not accessible when the computer is in Safe Mode. Exit Safe Mode and try again or try using System Restore to return your computer to a previous state. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 4.0.'
    1653 = 'ERROR_ROLLBACK_DISABLED', 'Could not perform a multiple-package transaction because rollback has been disabled. Multiple-Package Installations cannot run if rollback is disabled. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 4.5.'
    1654 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_REJECTED', 'The app that you are trying to run is not supported on this version of Windows. A Windows Installer package, patch, or transform that has not been signed by Microsoft cannot be installed on an ARM computer.'
    3010 = 'ERROR_SUCCESS_REBOOT_REQUIRED', 'A restart is required to complete the install. This message is indicative of a success. This does not include installs where the ForceReboot action is run. '
    }
    }

    # Execute msiexec synchronously.
    $psInfo = Start-Process -PassThru -NoNewWindow -Wait msiexec -ArgumentList $Args
    # Get the exit code.
    $ec = $psInfo.ExitCode

    # Look up the exit code returned in the hashtable and extract the error *message*.
    if ($htErrors[$ec]) {
    # Use subscript [0] to extract the *symbolic name* instead.
    $errMsg = $htErrors[$ec][1] # -replace '\r'
    } else { # not found in table
    # See if it's a Windows (system) error code.
    # Helper type for getting Windows (system) error messages by error code.
    # Returns $null if no message is found.
    # Example:
    # [net.same2u.pshelper.WinErrMsg]::Get(2) # -> "The system cannot find the file specified."
    Add-Type -TypeDefinition @'
    using System;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    using System.Text;

    namespace net.same2u.pshelper {
    public static class WinErrMsg {
    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
    static extern int FormatMessage(int dwFlags, IntPtr lpSource, int dwMessageId, int dwLanguageId, System.Text.StringBuilder lpBuffer, int nSize, IntPtr Arguments);

    public static string Get(int errCode) {
    const int CAPACITY = 512;
    const int FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM = 0x00001000;
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(CAPACITY);
    FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, IntPtr.Zero, errCode, 0, sb, sb.Capacity, IntPtr.Zero);
    // Remove trailing CRLF
    int i = sb.Length;
    if (i>0 && sb[i - 1] == 10) i--;
    if (i>0 && sb[i - 1] == 13) i--;
    sb.Length = i;
    return sb.Length > 0 ? sb.ToString() : null;
    }
    }
    }
    '@
    $errMsg = [net.same2u.pshelper.WinErrMsg]::Get($ec)
    # Determine fallback message, if no match was found.
    if (-not $errMsg) { $errMsg = "An unknown exit code was reported."}
    }

    # Set $LASTEXITCODE, so that the caller can inspect the exit code later.
    Set-Variable -Scope 1 LASTEXITCODE $ec

    # Output the message, suffixed with the exit code.
    "$errMsg ($ec)"
    }

    关于powershell - 在powershell中返回消息而不是msi的退出代码,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40355883/

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