python - AttributeError : 'IntegrityError' object has no attribute 'message' SQLAlchemy

Question

我正在研究一个有关使用try/except块在SQLAlchemy Core中捕获异常的书籍示例:

from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
ins = insert(users).values(
    username="cookiemon",            #This username is already in db, 
    email_address="damon@cookie.com", should throw an IntegrityError 
    phone="111-111-1111",             for violating unique constraint
    password="password"
    )
try:
    result=connection.execute(ins)
except IntegrityError as error:
    print(error.orig.message, error.params)

但是，我收到以下错误消息:

AttributeError: 'IntegrityError' object has no attribute 'message'

这是本书示例的逐字记录，为什么我不能显示错误消息？

Answer 1

在Python3中，异常不再具有message属性，它们具有args。参见python.org/dev/peps/pep-0352/#transition-plan

将Ilja Everilä记入this comment。