c - Hangman 程序字符串问题

Question

我正在上 C 编程入门类(class)，我们被分配编写 Hangman程序。

在游戏中，计算机随机选择一个单词并显示它有多少个字母。用户必须通过输入他们认为可能存在于该单词中的字母来猜测该单词。此外，用户只有六次机会正确说出单词。每猜错一次，绞死的画面就会完成。该程序需要有一个包含三个选项的主菜单(新游戏、得分和退出)。程序还需要具备这三个功能:

1. selectWord 随机选择单词(我在此函数中创建了一串单词)。
2. drawMan 绘制刽子手。
3. checkWord 检查输入是否正确，并用正确的字母替换破折号。

当我运行游戏时，问题就出现了，而不是显示虚线，而虚线应该只是显示(空)。但图片仍然显示。

我很困惑到底是什么原因造成的。这是我到目前为止所拥有的:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

char selectWord(char []);
int drawMan(int);
void checkWord(char, char [], char [], int, int);

int main()
{
    int menuSelect;
    int chances = 0;
    char word[13];
    int length;
    int score;

    do
    {
        printf("\n\t\t\tThe Hangman Game v1.0 has booted\n\n");
        printf("\t\t[1]\t Create new game\n");
        printf("\t\t[2]\t View Score\n");
        printf("\t\t[3]\t Exit game\n");

        printf("Please enter a number from the menu: ");
        scanf("%d", &menuSelect);

        switch(menuSelect)
        {
            case 1:

                selectWord(word);
                length = strlen(word);

                char dash[20];    //Will create dashes considering the length of the selected word
                int dashCount;
                int letterTry; 
                int wordMatch = 0;

                for(dashCount = 0; dashCount < length; dashCount++)
                {
                    dash[dashCount] = '-';
                }
                dash[dashCount] = '\0';

                while(wordMatch != 1)
                {

                    drawMan(chances);

                    printf("\n%s", dash[dashCount]);
                    printf("\n\nPlease enter a letter: ");
                    fflush(NULL);

                    while(letterTry != '\n')
                    {
                        letterTry = getchar();
                    }
                    letterTry = getchar();

                    if(strcmp(dash, word) == 0)
                    {
                        printf("\nThat is correct!\n");
                        wordMatch = 1;
                        score++;
                    }
                }   

                break;

            case 2:

                printf("The score is: %d", score); 
                break;


            case 3:

                printf("Thank you for playing!");
                break;

        }       
    }while(menuSelect != 3);    
}

char selectWord(char word[])
{
    int index;
    char list[65][13]={{"sailboat"}, {"school"}, {"rug"}, {"chalk"}, {"tusk"}, {"camera"}, {"pajamas"}, {"cello"}, {"cake"}, {"beehive"}, {"gate"}, {"swing"}, {"lighthouse"}, {"toe"}, {"newspaper"}, {"stingray"}, {"brain"}, {"french"}, {"purse"}, {"soda"}, {"money"}, {"dryer"}, {"scale"}, {"clam"}, {"knee"}, {"artist"}, {"stomach"}, {"ticket"}, {"face"}, {"TV"}, {"can"}, {"blowfish"}, {"popsicle"}, {"beaver"}, {"snowball"}, {"dollar"}, {"sprinkler"}, {"hair"}, {"bathroom"}, {"rain"}, {"skirt"}, {"beach"}, {"suitcase"}, {"garden"}, {"doormat"}, {"pretzel"}, {"watering"}, {"fur"}, {"birthday"}, {"fries"}, {"owl"}, {"chin"}, {"spool"}, {"mushroom"}, {"peach"}, {"pelican"}, {"pineapple"}, {"flagpole"}, {"doghouse"}, {"boot"}, {"flute"}, {"quilt"}, {"hook"}, {"rainbow"}, {"happy"}};

    srand(time(NULL));
    index = rand()%65;

    strcpy(word, list[index]);

    return word;
}

int drawMan(int chances)
{
    if(chances == 6)
    {
        printf("\n\n");
        printf("\n         +-------+");
        printf("\n         |       |");
        printf("\n         |        ");
        printf("\n         |        ");
        printf("\n         |");
        printf("\n         |");
        printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
    }
    else if(chances == 5)
    {
        printf("\n\n");
        printf("\n         +-------+");
        printf("\n         |       |");
        printf("\n         |       O");
        printf("\n         |       |");
        printf("\n         |");
        printf("\n         |");
        printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
    }
    else if(chances == 4)
    {
        printf("\n\n");
        printf("\n         +-------+");
        printf("\n         |       |");
        printf("\n         |       O");
        printf("\n         |      /|");
        printf("\n         |        ");
        printf("\n         |        ");
        printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
    }
    else if(chances == 3)
    {
        printf("\n\n");
        printf("\n         +-------+");
        printf("\n         |       |");
        printf("\n         |       O");
        printf("\n         |      /|\\");
        printf("\n         |        ");
        printf("\n         |        ");
        printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
    }
    else if(chances == 2)
    {
        printf("\n\n");
        printf("\n         +-------+");
        printf("\n         |       |");
        printf("\n         |       O");
        printf("\n         |      /|\\");
        printf("\n         |        ");
        printf("\n         |        ");
        printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
    }
    else if(chances == 1)
    {
        printf("\n\n");
        printf("\n         +-------+");
        printf("\n         |       |");
        printf("\n         |       O");
        printf("\n         |      /|\\");
        printf("\n         |      /");
        printf("\n         |        ");
        printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
    }
    else if(chances == 0)
    {
        printf("\n\n");
        printf("\n         +-------+");
        printf("\n         |       |");
        printf("\n         |       O");
        printf("\n         |      /|\\");
        printf("\n         |      / \\");
        printf("\n         |        ");
        printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
        printf("\n\n\t You have lost!");
    }
}
void checkWord(char ltrTry, char word[], char dash[], int length, int chances)
{
    int count;
    int correct = 0;    // 0 is incorrect 1 is correct

    for(count = 0; count < length; count++)
    {
        if(ltrTry == word[count])
        {
            dash[count] = word[count];
            correct = 1;            
        }
    }
}

更新#1:感谢大家修复破折号字符串。向破折号数组添加空字符修复了破折号问题。我在主函数中的情况 1 中添加了一个名为“wordMatch”的新变量，并将其作为 while 循环的控制变量，因为可以在不耗尽所有机会的情况下获得正确的单词并退出循环。但似乎又出现了一个新的。当选择新游戏时，刽子手会显示两次，输入错误的字母后，机会的数量不会改变，刽子手的图像也不会改变(给我无限次的尝试)。然而，一旦我猜对了这个词，循环就会正确退出。为什么会发生这种情况？

更新#2:我已经更正了代码并使其能够正确执行。现在唯一的问题似乎是 case 1 没有中断，因为它被困在带有 letterTry 的 while 循环中。

Answer 1

实际上有两个问题。分配破折号后，请确保以 \0 终止字符串，如下所示:

for(dashCount = 0; dashCount < length; dashCount++)
{
   dash[dashCount] = '-';
}
dash[dashCount] = '\0';

并在 while 循环中打印:

printf("\n%s", dash);

而不是:

printf("\n%s", dash[dashCount]);

此外，您不会在每次尝试后更新机会值。您可以通过使 checkWord 函数返回正确 并据此更新机会计数来实现此目的，如下所示:

int checkWord(char ltrTry, char word[], char dash[], int length, int trys)
{
   ...

   return correct;
}

在循环中，不只是调用函数，而是执行以下操作:

if(!checkWord(letterTry, word, dash, length, chances))
{
   chances++;
}

我看到的另一个问题是在读取 letterTry 值时。当您在之前使用 scanf 函数读取字符(在本例中为 letterTry)时，\n 字符将存储在变量中。然后程序将不会提示您进行其他输入。在你的情况下，玩家会无缘无故地失去一次机会。此问题最简单的解决方案是执行以下操作:

while(letterTry != '\n')
   letterTry = getchar();

并且，一旦玩家得到正确答案，就从主循环中断。

if(strcmp(dash, word) == 0)
   {
      printf("You Won!");
      score++;
      break;
   }

正确理解上述解决方案后，请执行此固定解决方案:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

char selectWord(char[]);
int drawMan(int);
int checkWord(char, char[], char[], int);

int main()
{
  int menuSelect;
  int chances = 0;
  char word[13];
  int length;
  int score;

  do
    {
      printf("\n\t\t\tThe Hangman Game v1.0 has booted\n\n");
      printf("\t\t[1]\t Create new game\n");
      printf("\t\t[2]\t View Score\n");
      printf("\t\t[3]\t Exit game\n");

      printf("Please enter a number from the menu: ");
      scanf("%d", &menuSelect);

      switch(menuSelect)
        {
        case 1:
          selectWord(word);
          length = strlen(word);

          char dash[20];    //Will create dashes considering the length of the selected word
          int dashCount;
          int letterTry; 

          for(dashCount = 0; dashCount < length; dashCount++)
            {
              dash[dashCount] = '-';
            }
          dash[dashCount] = '\0';

          chances = 0;
          while(chances != 6)
            {
              drawMan(chances);
              printf("\n%s\n", dash);
              printf("chances = %d\n", chances);
              printf("\n\nPlease enter a letter: ");
              fflush(NULL);
              //scanf("%c%c", &letterTry, &letterTry);
              while(letterTry != '\n')
                letterTry = getchar();
              letterTry = getchar();
              if(!checkWord(letterTry, word, dash, length))
                {
                  chances++;
                }
              if(strcmp(dash, word) == 0)
                {
                  printf("You Won!");
                  score++;
                  break;
                }
            }   
          break;
        case 2:
          printf("The score is: %d", score); 
          break;
        case 3:
          printf("Thank you for playing!");
          break;
        }       
    }while(menuSelect != 3);    
}

char selectWord(char word[])
{
  int index;
  char list[65][13]={{"sailboat"}, {"school"}, {"rug"}, {"chalk"}, {"tusk"}, {"camera"}, {"pajamas"}, {"cello"}, {"cake"}, {"beehive"}, {"gate"}, {"swing"}, {"lighthouse"}, {"toe"}, {"newspaper"}, {"stingray"}, {"brain"}, {"french"}, {"purse"}, {"soda"}, {"money"}, {"dryer"}, {"scale"}, {"clam"}, {"knee"}, {"artist"}, {"stomach"}, {"ticket"}, {"face"}, {"TV"}, {"can"}, {"blowfish"}, {"popsicle"}, {"beaver"}, {"snowball"}, {"dollar"}, {"sprinkler"}, {"hair"}, {"bathroom"}, {"rain"}, {"skirt"}, {"beach"}, {"suitcase"}, {"garden"}, {"doormat"}, {"pretzel"}, {"watering"}, {"fur"}, {"birthday"}, {"fries"}, {"owl"}, {"chin"}, {"spool"}, {"mushroom"}, {"peach"}, {"pelican"}, {"pineapple"}, {"flagpole"}, {"doghouse"}, {"boot"}, {"flute"}, {"quilt"}, {"hook"}, {"rainbow"}, {"happy"}};

  srand(time(NULL));
  index = rand()%65;

  strcpy(word, list[index]);

  return word;
}

int drawMan(int chances)
{
  if(chances == 0)
    {
      printf("\n\n");
      printf("\n         +-------+");
      printf("\n         |       |");
      printf("\n         |        ");
      printf("\n         |        ");
      printf("\n         |");
      printf("\n         |");
      printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
    }
  else if(chances == 1)
    {
      printf("\n\n");
      printf("\n         +-------+");
      printf("\n         |       |");
      printf("\n         |       O");
      printf("\n         |       |");
      printf("\n         |");
      printf("\n         |");
      printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
    }
  else if(chances == 2)
    {
      printf("\n\n");
      printf("\n         +-------+");
      printf("\n         |       |");
      printf("\n         |       O");
      printf("\n         |      /|");
      printf("\n         |        ");
      printf("\n         |        ");
      printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
    }
  else if(chances == 3)
    {
      printf("\n\n");
      printf("\n         +-------+");
      printf("\n         |       |");
      printf("\n         |       O");
      printf("\n         |      /|\\");
      printf("\n         |        ");
      printf("\n         |        ");
      printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
    }
  else if(chances == 4)
    {
      printf("\n\n");
      printf("\n         +-------+");
      printf("\n         |       |");
      printf("\n         |       O");
      printf("\n         |      /|\\");
      printf("\n         |        ");
      printf("\n         |        ");
      printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
    }
  else if(chances == 5)
    {
      printf("\n\n");
      printf("\n         +-------+");
      printf("\n         |       |");
      printf("\n         |       O");
      printf("\n         |      /|\\");
      printf("\n         |      /");
      printf("\n         |        ");
      printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
    }
  else if(chances == 6)
    {
      printf("\n\n");
      printf("\n         +-------+");
      printf("\n         |       |");
      printf("\n         |       O");
      printf("\n         |      /|\\");
      printf("\n         |      / \\");
      printf("\n         |        ");
      printf("\n        /|\\\n\n");
      printf("\n\n\t You have lost!");
    }
  printf("print complete; exiting successfully");
}

int checkWord(char ltrTry, char word[], char dash[], int length)
{
  int count;
  int correct = 0;    // 0 is incorrect 1 is correct

  for(count = 0; count < length; count++)
    {
      if(ltrTry == word[count])
        {
          dash[count] = word[count];
          correct = 1;            
        }
    }

  /*  if(correct == 0)
      {
      trys--;
      } */
  return correct;
}