regex - 用于从 RTF 字符串中提取文本的正则表达式

Question

我正在寻找一种从 RTF 字符串中删除文本的方法，我发现了以下正则表达式:

({\\)(.+?)(})|(\\)(.+?)(\b)

但是结果字符串有两个右尖括号“}”

之前: {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0\deflang1033{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 MS Shell Dlg 2;}{\f1\fnil MS Shell Dlg 2;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Msftedit 5.41.15.1507;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\tx720\cf1\f0\fs20 您可以向我发送通话信息吗？\f1\par }

之后: }您可以向我发送通话信息吗}

关于如何改进正则表达式有什么想法吗？

编辑:像这样的更复杂的字符串不起作用:{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0\deflang1033{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 MS Shell Dlg 2;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Msftedit 5.41.15.1507;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\tx720\cf1\f0\fs20 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\test\\myapp\\Apps\\\{3423234-283B-43d2-BCE6-A324B84CC70E\}\par }

Answer 1

在 RTF 中，{ 和 } 标记一个组。组可以嵌套。\标记控制字的开始。控制字以空格或非字母字符结尾。控制字后面可以有一个数字参数，中间没有任何分隔符。一些控制字还采用文本参数，以“;”分隔。这些控制字通常位于其自己的组中。

我想我已经成功地制定了一种可以解决大多数情况的模式。

\{\*?\\[^{}]+}|[{}]|\\\n?[A-Za-z]+\n?(?:-?\d+)?[ ]?

不过，当在您的模式上运行时，它会留下一些空格。

<小时/>

经历RTF specification (其中一些)，我发现基于纯正则表达式的剥离器有很多陷阱。最明显的一个是一些组应该被忽略(页眉、页脚等)，而其他组应该被渲染(格式)。

我编写了一个 Python 脚本，它应该比上面的正则表达式工作得更好:

def striprtf(text):
   pattern = re.compile(r"\\([a-z]{1,32})(-?\d{1,10})?[ ]?|\\'([0-9a-f]{2})|\\([^a-z])|([{}])|[\r\n]+|(.)", re.I)
   # control words which specify a "destionation".
   destinations = frozenset((
      'aftncn','aftnsep','aftnsepc','annotation','atnauthor','atndate','atnicn','atnid',
      'atnparent','atnref','atntime','atrfend','atrfstart','author','background',
      'bkmkend','bkmkstart','blipuid','buptim','category','colorschememapping',
      'colortbl','comment','company','creatim','datafield','datastore','defchp','defpap',
      'do','doccomm','docvar','dptxbxtext','ebcend','ebcstart','factoidname','falt',
      'fchars','ffdeftext','ffentrymcr','ffexitmcr','ffformat','ffhelptext','ffl',
      'ffname','ffstattext','field','file','filetbl','fldinst','fldrslt','fldtype',
      'fname','fontemb','fontfile','fonttbl','footer','footerf','footerl','footerr',
      'footnote','formfield','ftncn','ftnsep','ftnsepc','g','generator','gridtbl',
      'header','headerf','headerl','headerr','hl','hlfr','hlinkbase','hlloc','hlsrc',
      'hsv','htmltag','info','keycode','keywords','latentstyles','lchars','levelnumbers',
      'leveltext','lfolevel','linkval','list','listlevel','listname','listoverride',
      'listoverridetable','listpicture','liststylename','listtable','listtext',
      'lsdlockedexcept','macc','maccPr','mailmerge','maln','malnScr','manager','margPr',
      'mbar','mbarPr','mbaseJc','mbegChr','mborderBox','mborderBoxPr','mbox','mboxPr',
      'mchr','mcount','mctrlPr','md','mdeg','mdegHide','mden','mdiff','mdPr','me',
      'mendChr','meqArr','meqArrPr','mf','mfName','mfPr','mfunc','mfuncPr','mgroupChr',
      'mgroupChrPr','mgrow','mhideBot','mhideLeft','mhideRight','mhideTop','mhtmltag',
      'mlim','mlimloc','mlimlow','mlimlowPr','mlimupp','mlimuppPr','mm','mmaddfieldname',
      'mmath','mmathPict','mmathPr','mmaxdist','mmc','mmcJc','mmconnectstr',
      'mmconnectstrdata','mmcPr','mmcs','mmdatasource','mmheadersource','mmmailsubject',
      'mmodso','mmodsofilter','mmodsofldmpdata','mmodsomappedname','mmodsoname',
      'mmodsorecipdata','mmodsosort','mmodsosrc','mmodsotable','mmodsoudl',
      'mmodsoudldata','mmodsouniquetag','mmPr','mmquery','mmr','mnary','mnaryPr',
      'mnoBreak','mnum','mobjDist','moMath','moMathPara','moMathParaPr','mopEmu',
      'mphant','mphantPr','mplcHide','mpos','mr','mrad','mradPr','mrPr','msepChr',
      'mshow','mshp','msPre','msPrePr','msSub','msSubPr','msSubSup','msSubSupPr','msSup',
      'msSupPr','mstrikeBLTR','mstrikeH','mstrikeTLBR','mstrikeV','msub','msubHide',
      'msup','msupHide','mtransp','mtype','mvertJc','mvfmf','mvfml','mvtof','mvtol',
      'mzeroAsc','mzeroDesc','mzeroWid','nesttableprops','nextfile','nonesttables',
      'objalias','objclass','objdata','object','objname','objsect','objtime','oldcprops',
      'oldpprops','oldsprops','oldtprops','oleclsid','operator','panose','password',
      'passwordhash','pgp','pgptbl','picprop','pict','pn','pnseclvl','pntext','pntxta',
      'pntxtb','printim','private','propname','protend','protstart','protusertbl','pxe',
      'result','revtbl','revtim','rsidtbl','rxe','shp','shpgrp','shpinst',
      'shppict','shprslt','shptxt','sn','sp','staticval','stylesheet','subject','sv',
      'svb','tc','template','themedata','title','txe','ud','upr','userprops',
      'wgrffmtfilter','windowcaption','writereservation','writereservhash','xe','xform',
      'xmlattrname','xmlattrvalue','xmlclose','xmlname','xmlnstbl',
      'xmlopen',
   ))
   # Translation of some special characters.
   specialchars = {
      'par': '\n',
      'sect': '\n\n',
      'page': '\n\n',
      'line': '\n',
      'tab': '\t',
      'emdash': u'\u2014',
      'endash': u'\u2013',
      'emspace': u'\u2003',
      'enspace': u'\u2002',
      'qmspace': u'\u2005',
      'bullet': u'\u2022',
      'lquote': u'\u2018',
      'rquote': u'\u2019',
      'ldblquote': u'\201C',
      'rdblquote': u'\u201D', 
   }
   stack = []
   ignorable = False       # Whether this group (and all inside it) are "ignorable".
   ucskip = 1              # Number of ASCII characters to skip after a unicode character.
   curskip = 0             # Number of ASCII characters left to skip
   out = []                # Output buffer.
   for match in pattern.finditer(text):
      word,arg,hex,char,brace,tchar = match.groups()
      if brace:
         curskip = 0
         if brace == '{':
            # Push state
            stack.append((ucskip,ignorable))
         elif brace == '}':
            # Pop state
            ucskip,ignorable = stack.pop()
      elif char: # \x (not a letter)
         curskip = 0
         if char == '~':
            if not ignorable:
                out.append(u'\xA0')
         elif char in '{}\\':
            if not ignorable:
               out.append(char)
         elif char == '*':
            ignorable = True
      elif word: # \foo
         curskip = 0
         if word in destinations:
            ignorable = True
         elif ignorable:
            pass
         elif word in specialchars:
            out.append(specialchars[word])
         elif word == 'uc':
            ucskip = int(arg)
         elif word == 'u':
            c = int(arg)
            if c < 0: c += 0x10000
            if c > 127: out.append(unichr(c))
            else: out.append(chr(c))
            curskip = ucskip
      elif hex: # \'xx
         if curskip > 0:
            curskip -= 1
         elif not ignorable:
            c = int(hex,16)
            if c > 127: out.append(unichr(c))
            else: out.append(chr(c))
      elif tchar:
         if curskip > 0:
            curskip -= 1
         elif not ignorable:
            out.append(tchar)
   return ''.join(out)

它的工作原理是解析 RTF 代码，并跳过指定了“目的地”的任何组以及所有“可忽略”组 ({\*...})。我还添加了一些特殊字符的处理。

缺少许多功能使其成为一个完整的解析器，但对于简单的文档来说应该足够了。

更新:此网址已更新此脚本以在 Python 3.x 上运行:

https://gist.github.com/gilsondev/7c1d2d753ddb522e7bc22511cfb08676