powershell - 如何防止 PowerShell 窗口关闭以便我可以看到错误？

Question

我正在创建本地 PowerShell 模块下载程序脚本。该模块和脚本保存在网络共享上。使用以下命令调用脚本:

& '\\net\DSFShare\Shared Data\Powershell Modules\Install-MyModuleManager.ps1'

它将脚本复制到标准配置文件模块文件夹，然后从模块文件夹运行 Install.ps1。如果需要，Install.ps1 会自行提升。就在高架窗口关闭之前，会弹出一个红色错误，但窗口关闭得太快，我看不到该错误。我怎样才能找出错误是什么？

下载程序脚本使用以下方式调用安装程序:

$installerPath = [IO.Path]::Combine($LocalModulePath, 'Install.ps1')
Write-Host "Installer path: $installerPath"
if (Test-Path $installerPath) {
    Write-Host 'Install.ps1 exists.  Running Install.ps1'
    & $installerPath
}

请注意，如果我在 PowerShell 中填充 $installerPath 并使用 & $installerPath 调用它，则不会看到错误。

我已检查应用程序、系统、Windows PowerShell 和安全事件日志。没有任何与此相关的错误。

该脚本所做的只是创建一个事件源。如果你想运行它，你可以使用:

Remove-EventLog -Source 'My.Module.Manager'

然后，将其删除。这是脚本:

Write-Host "Installing module..."
$eventSource = 'My.Module.Manager'

try {
    $sourceExists = [System.Diagnostics.EventLog]::SourceExists($eventSource)
} catch [Security.SecurityException] {
    Write-Verbose "Caught 'SecurityException': $_.Exception.Message"
}

if ($sourceExists) {
    Write-Host "...installation complete..."
} else {

    #region ----- Ensure-ProcessIsElevated -----

    if ($Verbose) {
        $VerbosePreference = "Continue"
    }
    if ($Debug) {
        $DebugPreference = "Continue"
    }

    Write-Debug "Command line is ___$($MyInvocation.Line)___"
    Write-Verbose "Entering script body"

    if ($ScriptPath) {
        Set-Location $ScriptPath
        Write-Verbose "Working directory: $pwd"
    }

    If (-Not ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal] [Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator")) {
        Write-Warning "This script must be run with elevated privileges."
        Write-Warning "Restarting as an elevated process."
        Write-Warning "You will be prompted for authorization."
        Write-Warning "You may click 'No' and re-run manually, if you prefer."

        If ((Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem | select BuildNumber).BuildNumber -ge 6000) {
            Write-Verbose "This is a UAC-enabled system. Elevating ..."
            $CommandLine = "$($MyInvocation.Line.Replace($MyInvocation.InvocationName, $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition)) -ScriptPath $pwd"
            Write-Verbose "CommandLine: $CommandLine"

            Start-Process -FilePath PowerShell.exe -Verb Runas -ArgumentList "$CommandLine"

        } else {
            Write-Verbose "The system does not support UAC: an elevated process cannot be started."
            Write-Warning "This script requires administrative privileges. Please re-run with administrative account."
        }

        Break
    }

    Write-Verbose "The script is now running with elevated privileges."

    #endregion ----- Ensure-ProcessIsElevated -----

    New-EventLog -LogName Application -Source $eventSource

    Write-Host "...installation complete..."
}

我使用的是 PowerShell 4.0。

Answer 1

您基本上可以使用三个选项来阻止 PowerShell 控制台窗口关闭，我对此进行了描述 in more detail in my blog post .

1. 一次性修复:从 PowerShell 控制台运行脚本，或使用 -NoExit 开关启动 PowerShell 进程。例如，PowerShell -NoExit "C:\SomeFolder\SomeScript.ps1"

2. 每个脚本修复:在脚本文件末尾添加输入提示。例如，Read-Host -Prompt“Press Enter to exit”

3. 全局修复:更改注册表项，以便在脚本运行完毕后始终保持 PowerShell 控制台窗口打开。以下是需要更改的两个注册表项:

   ● 打开方式 → Windows PowerShell
   当您右键单击 .ps1 文件并选择打开方式

   注册表项: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\powershell.exe\shell\open\command

   默认值:

   "C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" "%1"
   

   期望值:

   "C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" "& \"%1\""
   

   ● 使用 PowerShell 运行
   当您右键单击 .ps1 文件并选择使用 PowerShell 运行时(具体显示情况取决于您安装的 Windows 操作系统和更新)。

   注册表项: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Microsoft.PowerShellScript.1\Shell\0\Command

   默认值:

   "C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" "-Command" "if((Get-ExecutionPolicy ) -ne 'AllSigned') { Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope Process Bypass }; & '%1'"
   

   期望值:

   "C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -NoExit "-Command" "if((Get-ExecutionPolicy ) -ne 'AllSigned') { Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope Process Bypass }; & \"%1\""
   

如果您不想手动修改注册表项，可以从我的博客下载 .reg 文件来修改注册表项。

听起来您可能想使用选项#2。您甚至可以将整个脚本包装在 try block 中，并且仅在发生错误时提示输入，如下所示:

try
{
    # Do your script's stuff
}
catch
{
    Write-Error $_.Exception.ToString()
    Read-Host -Prompt "The above error occurred. Press Enter to exit."
}