Powershell - "The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process"

Question

下面是一个脚本，用于监视目录及其子文件夹中存放的文件。每隔 10 分钟左右，我就会查找新文件，然后将它们与数据库表进行匹配，数据库表会告诉我它们需要移动到哪里 - 然后它将文件复制到本地存档，将它们移动到需要移动的位置到，并将一条记录插入到另一个数据库表中，其中包含文件的属性及其来源和去向。如果数据库中没有匹配项 - 或者存在脚本错误 - 它会向我发送一封电子邮件。

但是，由于文件不断地存储到目录中，因此在脚本执行时文件可能仍在写入中。结果，我收到错误进程无法访问该文件，因为它正在被另一个进程使用。一直通过电子邮件发送给我。另外，因为我没有预先处理错误；它会经历循环，并将错误的条目插入到数据库中的日志表中，并且文件属性不正确。当文件最终释放时，它会再次插入。

我正在寻找一种方法来识别附加了进程的文件；并在脚本执行时跳过它们 - 但几天的网络搜索和一些测试尚未产生答案。

## CLEAR ERROR LOG
$error.clear()

Write-Host "***File Transfer Script***"

## PARAMETERS
$source_path = "D:\Files\In\"
$xferfail_path = "D:\Files\XferFailed\"
$archive_path = "D:\Files\XferArchive\"
$email_from = "SQLMail <SQLMail@bar.com>"
$email_recip = [STRING]"foo@bar.com"
$smtp_server = "email.bar.com"
$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString "Pa$$w0rd" -AsPlainText -Force
$smtp_cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("BAR\SQLAdmin", $secpasswd)

## SQL LOG FUNCTION
function Run-SQL ([string]$filename, [string]$filepath, [int]$filesize, [int]$rowcount, [string]$xferpath)
    {
        $date = get-date -format G
        $SqlConnection = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
        $SqlConnection.ConnectionString = "Server=SQLSERVER;Database=DATABASE;Uid=SQLAdmin;Pwd=Pa$$w0rd;"
        $SqlConnection.Open()
        $SqlCmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
        $SqlCmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO DATABASE..Table VALUES ('$date','$filename','$filepath',$filesize,$rowcount,'$xferpath',0)"
        $SqlCmd.Connection = $SqlConnection
        $SqlCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
        $SqlConnection.Close()
    }


## DETERMINE IF THERE ARE ANY FILES TO PROCESS
$file_count = Get-ChildItem -path $source_path |? {$_.PSIsContainer} `
              | Get-ChildItem -path {$_.FullName} -Recurse | Where {$_.psIsContainer -eq $false} | Where {$_.Fullname -notlike "D:\Files\In\MCI\*"} `
              | Measure-Object | Select Count

If ($file_count.Count -gt 0)
    {
        Write-Host $file_count.Count "File(s) Found - Processing."
        Start-Sleep -s 5


    ## CREATE LIST OF DIRECTORIES
    $dirs = Get-ChildItem -path $source_path -Recurse | Where {$_.psIsContainer -eq $true} | Where {$_.Fullname -ne "D:\Files\In\MCI"} `
                                                      | Where {$_.Fullname -notlike "D:\Files\In\MCI\*"}


    ## CREATE LIST OF FILES IN ALL DIRECTORIES
    $files = ForEach ($item in $dirs)     
        {
            Get-ChildItem -path $item.FullName | Where {$_.psIsContainer -eq $false} | Sort-Object -Property lastWriteTime -Descending
        }


    ## START LOOPING THROUGH FILE LIST
    ForEach ($item in $files)
        {
            ## QUERY DATABASE FOR FILENAME MATCH, AND RETURN TRANSFER DIRECTORY
            $SqlConnection = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
            $SqlConnection.ConnectionString = "Server=SQLSERVER;Database=DATABASE;Uid=SQLAdmin;Pwd=Pa$$w0rd;"
            $SqlConnection.Open()
            $SqlCmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
            $SqlCmd.CommandText = "SELECT F.DirTransfer FROM DATABASE..Files F WHERE '$item.Name.Trim()' LIKE F.FileName"
            $SqlCmd.Connection = $SqlConnection
            $DirTransfer = $SqlCmd.ExecuteScalar()
            $SqlConnection.Close()

            If ($DirTransfer) # if there is a match
                {
                    Write-Host $item.FullName"`t->`t"$DirTransfer
                    $filename = $item.Name
                    $filepath = $item.FullName
                    $filesize = $item.Length
                        If (!($filesize))
                            {
                                $filesize = 0
                            }
                    $rowcount = (Get-Content -Path $item.FullName).Length
                        If (!($rowcount))
                            {
                                $rowcount = 0
                            }
                    $xferpath = $DirTransfer
                    Run-SQL -filename "$filename" -filepath "$filepath" -filesize "$filesize" -rowcount "$rowcount" -xferpath "$DirTransfer"
                    Copy-Item -path $item.FullName -destination $DirTransfer -force -erroraction "silentlycontinue"
                    Move-Item -path $item.FullName -destination $archive_path -force -erroraction "silentlycontinue"
                    #Write-Host "$filename   $filepath   $filesize    $rowcount   $xferpath"

                }
            Else # if there is no match
                {
                    Write-Host $item.FullName "does not have a mapping"
                    Move-Item -path $item.FullName -destination $xferfail_path -force
                    $filename = $item.FullName
                    $email_body = "$filename `r`n`r`n does not have a file transfer mapping setup"
                    Send-MailMessage -To $email_recip `
                                     -From $email_from `
                                     -SmtpServer $smtp_server `
                                     -Subject "File Transfer Error - $item" `
                                     -Body $email_body `
                                     -Priority "High" `
                                     -Credential $smtp_cred
                }
        }



}
## IF NO FILES, THEN CLOSE
Else
{
    Write-Host "No File(s) Found - Aborting."
    Start-Sleep -s 5
}

## SEND EMAIL NOTIFICATION IF SCRIPT ERROR

If ($error.count -gt 0)
    {
        $email_body = "$error"
        Send-MailMessage -To $email_recip `
                         -From $email_from `
                         -SmtpServer $smtp_server `
                         -Subject "File Transfer Error - Script" `
                         -Body $email_body `
                         -Priority "High" `
                         -Credential $smtp_cred
    }

Answer 1

您可以使用 SysInternals handles.exe 查找文件上打开的句柄。 exe可以从http://live.sysinternals.com/下载.

$targetfile = "C:\Users\me\Downloads\The-DSC-Book.docx"
$result = Invoke-Expression "C:\Users\me\Downloads\handle.exe $targetfile" | Select-String ([System.IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($targetfile))
$result

输出:

WINWORD.EXE        pid: 3744   type: File           1A0: C:\Users\me\Downloads\The-DSC-Book.docx