geolocation - IP 地理定位如何工作？

Question

我不是在寻找执行此操作的服务。我只是好奇地理定位是如何工作的。

Answer 1

将 IP 地址映射到地理位置是通过表完成的，其中 IP 映射到特定位置。不过，此位置不需要准确，因为 IP 地址不包含有关其位置的任何信息，这些都是近似值。

摘自维基百科关于 Internet geolocation 的文章:

The primary source for IP address data is the regional Internet registries which allocate and distribute IP addresses amongst organizations located in their respective service regions:

• African Network Information Centre (AfriNIC)
• American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)
• Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC)
• Latin American and Caribbean Internet Address Registry (LACNIC)
• RIPE Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC)

Secondary sources include:

• Data mining or user-submitted geographic location data:
  • Website-submitted, e.g. a weather website asking visitors for a city name to find their local forecast or pairing a user's IP address with the address information in their account profile.
  • Wi-Fi positioning system through the examination of neighborhood Wi-Fi BSSID. E.g. Mozilla Location Service.
  • Examination of neighborhood Bluetooth devices.
  • Pairing a user's IP address with the GPS location of a device that's using such an IP address.
• Data contributed by Internet service providers.
• Guesstimates from adjacent Class C range and/or gleaned from network hops.
• Network routing information collected to the end point of IP address.
• Analysis of linguistic data from the device, using pretrained models that show that some term is frequently mentioned in a certain location (e.g. "the T" vs "the El" vs. "the subway").

Accuracy is improved by:

• Data scrubbing to filter out or identify anomalies.
• Statistical analysis of user submitted data.
• Utilizing third-party tests conducted by reputable organizations.