stm32 - 如何使用STM32CUBEF4 HAL库通过i2c读取传感器数据？

Question

我想使用最新的 HAL 库而不是标准外设库。

我想读出BMA250E G-sensor的chip_id，但它不起作用。

aRxBuffer 的值始终保持在 0x00。但应该是0xf9!

我的代码有什么问题？

‪#‎include‬ "stm32f4xx_hal.h" 

#define I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE() __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE()
#define I2Cx_SDA_PIN GPIO_PIN_9
#define I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_PORT GPIOB
#define I2Cx_SDA_AF GPIO_AF4_I2C1

#define I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE() __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE()
#define I2Cx_SCL_PIN GPIO_PIN_6
#define I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_PORT GPIOB
#define I2Cx_SCL_AF GPIO_AF4_I2C1

#define I2Cx_CLK_ENABLE() __HAL_RCC_I2C1_CLK_ENABLE()
#define I2Cx_FORCE_RESET() __HAL_RCC_I2C1_FORCE_RESET()
#define I2Cx_RELEASE_RESET() __HAL_RCC_I2C1_RELEASE_RESET() 

‪#‎define‬ I2C_ADDRESS 0x18 

static void SystemClock_Config(void); 

uint8_t aTxBuffer[2],aRxBuffer; 

int main()
{ 
    HAL_Init(); 
    SystemClock_Config(); 
    I2C_HandleTypeDef I2cHandle;

    I2cHandle.Instance = I2C1;
    I2cHandle.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
    I2cHandle.Init.ClockSpeed = 400000;
    I2cHandle.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE; 
    I2cHandle.Init.DutyCycle = I2C_DUTYCYCLE_16_9;
    I2cHandle.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE; 
    I2cHandle.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
    I2cHandle.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0; 
    I2cHandle.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0; 

    HAL_I2C_Init(&I2cHandle); 

    aTxBuffer[0]=0x00;
    HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&I2cHandle, I2C_ADDRESS,aTxBuffer, 1, 10000);  
    HAL_I2C_Master_Receive(&I2cHandle,I2C_ADDRESS|0x01 ,&aRxBuffer, 1, 10000);  
    HAL_Delay(1000);
} 

static void SystemClock_Config(void) 
{ 
    RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;
    RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;

    __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
    RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE; 
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON; 
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON; 
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8; 
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 360;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2; 
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 7; 
    HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct); 
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = 
        (RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK | 
         RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2);
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK; 
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1; 
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;         
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2; 
    HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5); 
}

void HAL_I2C_MspInit(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c) 
{
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct; 

    I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE(); 
    I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE(); 

    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = I2Cx_SCL_PIN;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_OD;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP; 
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FAST;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = I2Cx_SCL_AF; 
    HAL_GPIO_Init(I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = I2Cx_SDA_PIN; 
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = I2Cx_SDA_AF; 
    HAL_GPIO_Init(I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);
} 

void HAL_I2C_MspDeInit(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c) 
{  
    I2Cx_FORCE_RESET(); 
    I2Cx_RELEASE_RESET();  
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_PORT, I2Cx_SCL_PIN);
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_PORT, I2Cx_SDA_PIN); 
}

Answer 1

首先，我建议您使用STMCube。它将为您设置时钟和 I2C 总线。

检查 HAL 函数返回的内容是非常好的做法。如果您没有 HAL_OK，则表示出现了问题。

首先尝试 100KHz，然后增加到 400KHz。

设备的 I2C 地址是 0x18(如果 SDO 接地，我认为是这样)。但在 HAL 驱动程序中，您必须定义:

#‎define‬ I2C_ADDRESS (0x18<<1)

您想要做的是读取寄存器，因此不要使用HAL_I2C_Master_Receive或HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit，而是使用HAL_I2C_Mem_Read或 HAL_I2C_Mem_Write，如下所示:

#define REG_CHIP_ID 0x00
HAL_I2C_Mem_Read(&I2cHandle, I2C_ADDRESS, REG_CHIP_ID, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, &aRxBuffer, 1, 10000);

另外，请注意，HAL 负责处理地址的 R/W 位，因此您不需要执行以下操作:

I2C_ADDRESS|0x01