r - 在 R 上安装 xts 包时出错

Question

尝试安装 quantmod 软件包时，我从 xts 软件包中收到以下错误:

> install.packages("quantmod", repos="http://R-Forge.R-project.org", type="source")
also installing the dependencies ‘xts’, ‘TTR’

пробую URL 'http://R-Forge.R-project.org/src/contrib/xts_0.9.874.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 538182 bytes (525 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 525 KB

пробую URL 'http://R-Forge.R-project.org/src/contrib/TTR_0.22-0.1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 276426 bytes (269 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 269 KB

пробую URL 'http://R-Forge.R-project.org/src/contrib/quantmod_0.4-3.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 123464 bytes (120 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 120 KB

* installing *source* package ‘xts’ ...
** libs
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c add_class.c -o add_class.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c any.c -o any.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c attr.c -o attr.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c binsearch.c -o binsearch.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c coredata.c -o coredata.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c diff.c -o diff.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c dimnames.c -o dimnames.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c endpoints.c -o endpoints.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c extract_col.c -o extract_col.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c init.c -o init.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c isOrdered.c -o isOrdered.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c isXts.c -o isXts.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c leadingNA.c -o leadingNA.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c merge.c -o merge.o
/usr/local/bin/gfortran   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c period.max.f -o period.max.o
/usr/local/bin/gfortran   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c period.min.f -o period.min.o
/usr/local/bin/gfortran   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c period.prod.f -o period.prod.o
/usr/local/bin/gfortran   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c period.sum.f -o period.sum.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c rbind.c -o rbind.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c rollfun.c -o rollfun.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c runSum.c -o runSum.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c startofyear.c -o startofyear.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c subset.c -o subset.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c subset.old.c -o subset.old.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c toperiod.c -o toperiod.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c totalcols.c -o totalcols.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c tryXts.c -o tryXts.o
clang -I/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I"/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/zoo/include"   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c unique.time.c -o unique.time.o
clang -dynamiclib -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -undefined dynamic_lookup -single_module -multiply_defined suppress -L/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/lib -L/usr/local/opt/gettext/lib -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib -o xts.so add_class.o any.o attr.o binsearch.o coredata.o diff.o dimnames.o endpoints.o extract_col.o init.o isOrdered.o isXts.o leadingNA.o merge.o period.max.o period.min.o period.prod.o period.sum.o rbind.o rollfun.o runSum.o startofyear.o subset.o subset.old.o toperiod.o totalcols.o tryXts.o unique.time.o -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.1.0/lib/gcc/5/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.3.0/5.1.0 -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.1.0/lib/gcc/5 -lgfortran -lquadmath -lm -F/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/.. -framework R -lintl -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.1.0/lib/gcc/5/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.3.0/5.1.0'
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.1.0/lib/gcc/5'
ld: library not found for -lgfortran
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [xts.so] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘xts’
* removing ‘/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/xts’
ERROR: dependency ‘xts’ is not available for package ‘TTR’
* removing ‘/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/TTR’
ERROR: dependencies ‘xts’, ‘TTR’ are not available for package ‘quantmod’
* removing ‘/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/quantmod’

我已经安装了 gcc:

$ gcc -v
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 6.1.0 (clang-602.0.53) (based on LLVM 3.6.0svn)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin14.5.0
Thread model: posix

我已经安装了 gfortran:

$ gfortran -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gfortran
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.2.0/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/5.2.0/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0
Configured with: ../configure --build=x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0 --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.2.0 --libdir=/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.2.0/lib/gcc/5 --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,fortran --program-suffix=-5 --with-gmp=/usr/local/opt/gmp --with-mpfr=/usr/local/opt/mpfr --with-mpc=/usr/local/opt/libmpc --with-isl=/usr/local/opt/isl --with-system-zlib --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-stage1-checking --enable-checking=release --enable-lto --with-build-config=bootstrap-debug --disable-werror --with-pkgversion='Homebrew gcc 5.2.0' --with-bugurl=https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/issues --enable-plugin --disable-nls --enable-multilib
Thread model: posix
gcc version 5.2.0 (Homebrew gcc 5.2.0)

似乎是由于路径错误而发生错误。我的电脑上没有/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.1.0/，只有/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.2.0/:

ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.1.0/lib/gcc/5/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.3.0/5.1.0'
    ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.1.0/lib/gcc/5'
    ld: library not found for -lgfortran

session 信息():

> sessionInfo()
R version 3.2.1 (2015-06-18)
Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin14.3.0 (64-bit)
Running under: OS X 10.10.5 (Yosemite)

locale:
[1] ru_RU.UTF-8/ru_RU.UTF-8/ru_RU.UTF-8/C/ru_RU.UTF-8/ru_RU.UTF-8

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] tools_3.2.1

我该如何解决这个问题？

__

更新:

我还尝试了 Errors installing RForge version of xts package for R on OSX 的解决方案

1. 从 CRAN 安装 fotran 编译器 https://cran.r-project.org/bin/macosx/tools/
2. 运行R CMD INSTALL xts_0.9.874.tar.gz。

不，我有:

...
clang -dynamiclib -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -undefined dynamic_lookup -single_module -multiply_defined suppress -L/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Resources/lib -L/usr/local/opt/gettext/lib -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib -o xts.so add_class.o any.o attr.o binsearch.o coredata.o diff.o dimnames.o endpoints.o extract_col.o init.o isOrdered.o isXts.o leadingNA.o merge.o period.max.o period.min.o period.prod.o period.sum.o rbind.o rollfun.o runSum.o startofyear.o subset.o subset.old.o toperiod.o totalcols.o tryXts.o unique.time.o -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.1.0/lib/gcc/5/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.3.0/5.1.0 -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.1.0/lib/gcc/5 -lgfortran -lquadmath -lm -F/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/.. -framework R -lintl -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.1.0/lib/gcc/5/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.3.0/5.1.0'
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/5.1.0/lib/gcc/5'
ld: library not found for -lquadmath
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [xts.so] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘xts’
* removing ‘/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.2.1/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/xts’

Answer 1

终于在这里找到解决方案:http://thecoatlessprofessor.com/programming/rcpp-rcpparmadillo-and-os-x-mavericks-lgfortran-and-lquadmath-error/

这里是:

1. 从 http://r.research.att.com/libs/ 下载 gfortran-4.8.2-darwin13.tar.bz2 软件包
2. 通过运行 sudo tar fvxz gfortran-4.8.2-darwin13.tar.bz2 -C/ 解压 ~/中的软件包

之后我运行

R CMD INSTALL xts_0.9.874.tar.gz

并且 xts 安装没有错误(顺便说一句，我从 https://cran.r-project.org/bin/macosx/tools/ 下载了最新的 xts_0.9.874.tar.gz )。
之后 quantmod 安装没有错误。使用此命令:

install.packages("quantmod", repos="http://R-Forge.R-project.org", type="source")