azure - 我可以将 MFA 应用密码与 Azure oauth2.0 ROPC 一起使用吗？

Question

在 powershell 中，我们有一个脚本，可以使用资源所有者密码凭据从 Azure REST API 获取信息。

https://learn.microsoft.com/bs-latn-ba/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth-ropc

该脚本适用于未启用 MFA 的用户。对于具有 MFA 的用户来说，它不起作用。我尝试使用通过 MFA 在用户帐户上创建的应用密码，但这也不起作用。

https://support.microsoft.com/en-au/help/12409/microsoft-account-app-passwords-and-two-step-verification

该脚本作为服务运行，因此无法进行用户交互。我们还需要使用 ROPC，因为我们需要的信息只能通过 Azure 应用程序上的委派权限获得。

有人有这方面的经验吗？

这是脚本:

$tenantid = '*************************'
$subscriptionid = '*********************'
$clientid = '***********************'
$clientsecret = '******************'
$username = '*****************'
$password = '************************'

##################################################################
##################################################################
##################################################################

$return = Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock { 
param($tenantid,$subscriptionid,$clientid,$clientsecret,$username,$password)    

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Web

$encPass = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode($password)
$encScope = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode('https://management.azure.com/user_impersonation')
$encSecret = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode($clientsecret)

$body = "client_id=$clientid&scope=$encScope&username=$username&password=$encPass&grant_type=password&client_secret=$encSecret"

$auth = Invoke-WebRequest "https://login.microsoftonline.com/$tenantid/oauth2/v2.0/token" -Method Post -ContentType "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -Body $body -UseBasicParsing

$token = ($auth | ConvertFrom-Json).access_token
$headers = @{
    'Authorization'="Bearer $($token)"
}

$data = Invoke-WebRequest "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$subscriptionid/providers/Microsoft.Advisor/recommendations?api-version=2017-04-19" -Method GET -Headers $headers -UseBasicParsing

New-Object PSObject -Property @{
    content=$data.content
}

} -ArgumentList $tenantid,$subscriptionid,$clientid,$clientsecret,$username,$password

$content = $return.content

Write-Host $content

当我使用启用了 MFA 的用户时的输出:

Invoke-WebRequest : {"error":"invalid_grant","error_description":"AADSTS50076: Due to a configuration change made by your administrator, or because you moved to a new location, you must use multi-factor authentication to 
access '*******'.\r\nTrace ID: d9a7f9f2-c52c-40ca-b057-9513bd353900\r\nCorrelation ID: 3329e686-7bd0-409d-b7da-91e49221bacc\r\nTimestamp: 2019-10-02 
13:19:36Z","error_codes":[50076],"timestamp":"2019-10-02 
13:19:36Z","trace_id":"d9a7f9f2-c52c-40ca-b057-9513bd353900","correlation_id":"3329e686-7bd0-409d-b7da-91e49221bacc","error_uri":"https://login.microsoftonline.com/error?code=50076","suberror":"basic_action"}
At C:\Users\Wouter.sterkens\Documents\VS Projects\Azure Monitoring\advisor.ps1:27 char:9
+ $auth = Invoke-WebRequest "https://login.microsoftonline.com/$tenanti ...
+         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (System.Net.HttpWebRequest:HttpWebRequest) [Invoke-WebRequest], WebException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : WebCmdletWebResponseException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeWebRequestCommand
ConvertFrom-Json : Cannot bind argument to parameter 'InputObject' because it is null.
At C:\Users\Wouter.sterkens\Documents\VS Projects\Azure Monitoring\advisor.ps1:29 char:19
+ $token = ($auth | ConvertFrom-Json).access_token
+                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidData: (:) [ConvertFrom-Json], ParameterBindingValidationException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ParameterArgumentValidationErrorNullNotAllowed,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.ConvertFromJsonCommand

Invoke-WebRequest : {"error":{"code":"AuthenticationFailedMissingToken","message":"Authentication failed. The 'Authorization' header is missing the access token."}}
At C:\Users\Wouter.sterkens\Documents\VS Projects\Azure Monitoring\advisor.ps1:34 char:9
+ $data = Invoke-WebRequest "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions ...
+         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (System.Net.HttpWebRequest:HttpWebRequest) [Invoke-WebRequest], WebException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : WebCmdletWebResponseException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeWebRequestCommand

使用在用户帐户上创建的应用程序密码更改密码时的输出

Invoke-WebRequest : {"error":"invalid_grant","error_description":"AADSTS50126: Invalid username or password.\r\nTrace ID: 3674934a-120b-48f3-96d8-7ec8ddf44300\r\nCorrelation ID: 
593aecd7-bbb2-4c5a-96e1-050bc00047ac\r\nTimestamp: 2019-10-02 13:26:46Z","error_codes":[50126],"timestamp":"2019-10-02 
13:26:46Z","trace_id":"3674934a-120b-48f3-96d8-7ec8ddf44300","correlation_id":"593aecd7-bbb2-4c5a-96e1-050bc00047ac","error_uri":"https://login.microsoftonline.com/error?code=50126"}
At C:\Users\Wouter.sterkens\Documents\VS Projects\Azure Monitoring\advisor.ps1:27 char:9
+ $auth = Invoke-WebRequest "https://login.microsoftonline.com/$tenanti ...
+         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (System.Net.HttpWebRequest:HttpWebRequest) [Invoke-WebRequest], WebException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : WebCmdletWebResponseException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeWebRequestCommand
ConvertFrom-Json : Cannot bind argument to parameter 'InputObject' because it is null.
At C:\Users\Wouter.sterkens\Documents\VS Projects\Azure Monitoring\advisor.ps1:29 char:19
+ $token = ($auth | ConvertFrom-Json).access_token
+                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidData: (:) [ConvertFrom-Json], ParameterBindingValidationException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ParameterArgumentValidationErrorNullNotAllowed,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.ConvertFromJsonCommand

Invoke-WebRequest : {"error":{"code":"AuthenticationFailedMissingToken","message":"Authentication failed. The 'Authorization' header is missing the access token."}}
At C:\Users\Wouter.sterkens\Documents\VS Projects\Azure Monitoring\advisor.ps1:34 char:9
+ $data = Invoke-WebRequest "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions ...
+         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (System.Net.HttpWebRequest:HttpWebRequest) [Invoke-WebRequest], WebException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : WebCmdletWebResponseException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeWebRequestCommand

Answer 1

据我所知，应用程序密码用于与不支持现代身份验证的客户端完成 MFA。现在，您使用 ROPC OAuth 流程。 APP密码不支持。

根据情况，建议您手动完成MFA，得到refresh token然后我们使用刷新 token 来获取访问 token 并调用API。因为 MFA 刷新 token 在您撤销之前不会过期。或者您使用 OAuth 2.0 client credentials flow获取访问 token 。例如

用户刷新 token

1. 注册 Azure AD 应用程序

2. 使用OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow完成 MFA 并获取刷新 token

$Params = @{
    'client_id' = 'b0114608-677e-4eca-ae22-60c32e1782d9' 
    'redirect_URI' = 'https://www.baidu.com'
    'response_type'='code'
    'scope' = 'offline_access openid https://management.azure.com/user_impersonation'
}
$ClientSecret =''
$TeantID = ''
$Query = "?"; $Params.Keys | % {$Query+= "$($_)=$($Params.Item($_))&"} ; $Query = $Query.TrimEnd('&')


$IE= new-object -ComObject "InternetExplorer.Application"
$IE.Visible = $true
$IE.navigate2("https://login.microsoftonline.com/$($TeantID)/oauth2/v2.0/authorize$Query")

write-host "get authorization code"
pause

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Web
[System.Web.HttpUtility]::ParseQueryString(([uri] $IE.LocationURL).Query)['code']
$Code = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::ParseQueryString(([uri] $IE.LocationURL).Query)['code']
$IE.Quit()

$TokenResult = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post -ContentType 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -Uri "https://login.microsoftonline.com/$($TeantID)/oauth2/v2.0/token" -Body @{
    client_id     = $Params.client_id
    scope         = ''
    code          = $Code
    redirect_uri  = $Params.Redirect_URI
    grant_type    = 'authorization_code'
    client_secret = $ClientSecret
}

$TokenResult.refresh_token

获取访问 token 并调用 API

$TokenResult = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post -ContentType 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -Uri "https://login.microsoftonline.com/$($TeantID)/oauth2/v2.0/token" -Body @{
    client_id     = ''
    scope         = 'https://management.azure.com/user_impersonation'
    redirect_uri  = ''
    grant_type    = 'refresh_token'
    client_secret = ''
    refresh_token =''
}



 Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri '' -Headers @{Authorization = "Bearer "+ $TokenResult.access_token}

使用 OAuth 2.0 客户端凭据流程

$TokenResult = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post -ContentType 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -Uri "https://login.microsoftonline.com/$($TeantID)/oauth2/v2.0/token" -Body @{
    client_id     = ''
    scope         = 'https://management.azure.com/.default'
    grant_type    = 'client_credentials'
    client_secret = ''

}

 Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri '' -Headers @{Authorization = "Bearer "+ $TokenResult.access_token}

Update According to your need, you can create a service principal and assign RABC role to the service principal. Then you can OAuth 2.0 client credentials flow to get access token and call Azure rest api. The detailed steps are as below

1. 创建服务主体并将 RABC 角色分配给服务主体

Connect-AzAccount
$password=''
$credentials = New-Object Microsoft.Azure.Commands.ActiveDirectory.PSADPasswordCredential -Property @{ StartDate=Get-Date; EndDate=Get-Date -Year 2024; Password=$password'}
$sp = New-AzAdServicePrincipal -DisplayName jimtest1 -PasswordCredential $credentials

New-AzRoleAssignment -ApplicationId $sp.ApplicationId -RoleDefinitionName Owner

获取访问 token

# get access token
$TeantID='hanxia.onmicrosoft.com'
$TokenResult = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post -ContentType 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -Uri "https://login.microsoftonline.com/$($TeantID)/oauth2/v2.0/token" -Body @{
    client_id     = $sp.ApplicationId # the application id of service principal
    scope         = 'https://management.azure.com/.default'
    grant_type    = 'client_credentials'
    client_secret = $password # you use it in step 1

}

调用 Azure Rest API

#list resource group
$values =Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/e5b0fcfa-e859-43f3-8d84-5e5fe29f4c68/resourcegroups?api-version=2019-05-10" -Headers @{
Authorization = "Bearer "+ $TokenResult.access_token
ContentType = 'application/json'
}

更多详情请参阅

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/azure/create-azure-service-principal-azureps?view=azps-2.7.0

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/resource-manager-api-authentication#get-app-only-access-token-for-azure-resource-manager