r - 收集多组列

Question

我从一项在线调查中获得了数据，其中受访者循环提问 1-3 次。调查软件 (Qualtrics) 将这些数据记录在多个列中，即调查中的 Q3.2 将包含列 Q3.2.1.、Q3.2.2. 和Q3.2.3.:

df <- data.frame(
  id = 1:10,
  time = as.Date('2009-01-01') + 0:9,
  Q3.2.1. = rnorm(10, 0, 1),
  Q3.2.2. = rnorm(10, 0, 1),
  Q3.2.3. = rnorm(10, 0, 1),
  Q3.3.1. = rnorm(10, 0, 1),
  Q3.3.2. = rnorm(10, 0, 1),
  Q3.3.3. = rnorm(10, 0, 1)
)

# Sample data

   id       time    Q3.2.1.     Q3.2.2.    Q3.2.3.     Q3.3.1.    Q3.3.2.     Q3.3.3.
1   1 2009-01-01 -0.2059165 -0.29177677 -0.7107192  1.52718069 -0.4484351 -1.21550600
2   2 2009-01-02 -0.1981136 -1.19813815  1.1750200 -0.40380049 -1.8376094  1.03588482
3   3 2009-01-03  0.3514795 -0.27425539  1.1171712 -1.02641801 -2.0646661 -0.35353058
...

我想将所有 QN.N* 列组合成整齐的单独 QN.N 列，最终得到如下结果:

   id       time loop_number        Q3.2        Q3.3
1   1 2009-01-01           1 -0.20591649  1.52718069
2   2 2009-01-02           1 -0.19811357 -0.40380049
3   3 2009-01-03           1  0.35147949 -1.02641801
...
11  1 2009-01-01           2 -0.29177677  -0.4484351
12  2 2009-01-02           2 -1.19813815  -1.8376094
13  3 2009-01-03           2 -0.27425539  -2.0646661
...
21  1 2009-01-01           3 -0.71071921 -1.21550600
22  2 2009-01-02           3  1.17501999  1.03588482
23  3 2009-01-03           3  1.11717121 -0.35353058
...

tidyr 库具有 gather() 函数，该函数非常适合组合一组列:

library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(stringr)

df %>% gather(loop_number, Q3.2, starts_with("Q3.2")) %>% 
  mutate(loop_number = str_sub(loop_number,-2,-2)) %>%
  select(id, time, loop_number, Q3.2)


   id       time loop_number        Q3.2
1   1 2009-01-01           1 -0.20591649
2   2 2009-01-02           1 -0.19811357
3   3 2009-01-03           1  0.35147949
...
29  9 2009-01-09           3 -0.58581232
30 10 2009-01-10           3 -2.33393981

结果数据框有 30 行，正如预期的那样(10 个人，每人 3 个循环)。但是，收集第二组列无法正常工作 - 它成功地合并了两个列 Q3.2 和 Q3.3，但最终得到 90 行，而不是30(10个人、Q3.2 3个循环、Q3.3 3个循环的所有组合；实际数据中每组列的组合会大幅增加):

df %>% gather(loop_number, Q3.2, starts_with("Q3.2")) %>% 
  gather(loop_number, Q3.3, starts_with("Q3.3")) %>%
  mutate(loop_number = str_sub(loop_number,-2,-2))


   id       time loop_number        Q3.2        Q3.3
1   1 2009-01-01           1 -0.20591649  1.52718069
2   2 2009-01-02           1 -0.19811357 -0.40380049
3   3 2009-01-03           1  0.35147949 -1.02641801
...
89  9 2009-01-09           3 -0.58581232 -0.13187024
90 10 2009-01-10           3 -2.33393981 -0.48502131

有没有办法像这样使用多次调用 gather() ，组合这样的列的小子集，同时保持正确的行数？

Answer 1

这种方法对我来说似乎很自然:

df %>%
  gather(key, value, -id, -time) %>%
  extract(key, c("question", "loop_number"), "(Q.\\..)\\.(.)") %>%
  spread(question, value)

首先收集所有问题列，使用extract()分成question和loop_number，然后spread() code> 问题回到列中。

#>    id       time loop_number         Q3.2        Q3.3
#> 1   1 2009-01-01           1  0.142259203 -0.35842736
#> 2   1 2009-01-01           2  0.061034802  0.79354061
#> 3   1 2009-01-01           3 -0.525686204 -0.67456611
#> 4   2 2009-01-02           1 -1.044461185 -1.19662936
#> 5   2 2009-01-02           2  0.393808163  0.42384717