javascript - webGL通过鼠标点击绘制2D三 Angular 形

Question

我想在鼠标单击的地方绘制一个 2D 三 Angular 形。已经制作了鼠标事件处理程序，并且可以看到鼠标单击的点。我在缓冲区对象中写入了三 Angular 形的顶点位置。它将是三 Angular 形大小。如何连接鼠标事件处理程序(功能单击)和三 Angular 形的位置(positionBuffer)你能给我答案吗？

     //Vertex shader program
  var VSHADER_SOURCE =
  'attribute vec4 a_Position;\n' +
  'void main() {\n' +
  '  gl_Position = a_Position;\n' +

  '}\n';

   // Fragment shader program
  var FSHADER_SOURCE =
  'void main() {\n' +
  '  gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);\n' +
  '}\n';

function main() {
  // Retrieve <canvas> element
  var canvas = document.getElementById('webgl');

  // Get the rendering context for WebGL
  var gl = getWebGLContext(canvas);
  if (!gl) {
    console.log('Failed to get the rendering context for WebGL');
    return;
  }

  // Initialize shaders
  if (!initShaders(gl, VSHADER_SOURCE, FSHADER_SOURCE)) {
    console.log('Failed to intialize shaders.');
    return;
  }

  var n = initVertexBuffers(gl);
  if(n < 0){
    console.log('Failed to set the positions of the vertices');
    return;
  }


  // Register function (event handler) to be called on a mouse press
  canvas.onmousedown = function(ev){ click(ev, gl, canvas) };

  // Specify the color for clearing <canvas>
  gl.clearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

  // Clear <canvas>
  gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
}


var shapes = [];  // The array for the position of Triangle with mouse click

function click(ev, gl, canvas) {
  var x = ev.clientX; // x coordinate of a mouse pointer
  var y = ev.clientY; // y coordinate of a mouse pointer
  var rect = ev.target.getBoundingClientRect();

  x = ((x - rect.left) - canvas.width/2)/(canvas.width/2);
  y = (canvas.height/2 - (y - rect.top))/(canvas.height/2);


  // Store the coordinates to shapes array
  shapes.push([x,y]);

  // Clear <canvas>
  gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);


  var len = shapes.length;
  for(var i = 0; i < len; i++) {

    gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, shapes[i], gl.STATIC_DRAW);
  }
   // Draw
    gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
}


//Make the BO for making triangle
function initVertexBuffers(gl){

  var vertices = new Float32Array([
     0.0, 0.1,
    -0.1, -0.1,
    0.1, -0.1,
    ]);
  var n = 3;

  //Create a buffer Object
  var positionBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
  if(!positionBuffer){
    console.log('Failed to create the buffer object');
    return -1;
  }

  //Bind the buffer object to target
  gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, positionBuffer);
  //Write date into the buffer object
  gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices, gl.STATIC_DRAW);

    //Assign the buffer object to a_Position variable
  var a_Position = gl.getAttribLocation(gl.program, 'a_Position');
  if (a_Position < 0) {
    console.log('Failed to get the storage location  of a_Position');
    return -1;
  }

  //Connect the assignment to a_Position variable
  gl.vertexAttribPointer(a_Position, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);

  //Enable the assignment to a_Position variable
  gl.enableVertexAttribArray(a_Position);

  return n;
}

错误信息->

Answer 1

目前还不清楚你想要发生什么。你想绘制一个包含多个三 Angular 形的网格还是想绘制N个三 Angular 形？

无论如何，这段代码没有任何意义

var shapes = [];  // The array for the position of Triangle with mouse click

function click(ev, gl, canvas) {
  ...    

  // Store the coordinates to shapes array
  shapes.push([x,y]);

  ...

  var len = shapes.length;
  for(var i = 0; i < len; i++) {

    gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, shapes[i], gl.STATIC_DRAW);
  }

gl.bufferData需要 typed array ，而不是您传递给它的 JavaScript native 数组数组。

但也不清楚你想做什么。在 initVertexBuffer您创建一个缓冲区并上传一个三 Angular 形(3 个顶点)

然后在 click您尝试用点数据替换位置缓冲区中的三 Angular 形，如果成功，将删除该三 Angular 形。它不成功，因为您没有使用类型化数组，但即使成功，它也不起作用，因为您最终会删除三 Angular 形。

可以说，确实存在太多错误，无法真正选择一个起点。我建议reading some other tutorials on WebGL

这是您的代码，可以正常工作

我添加了制服u_Offset到顶点着色器。然后我循环遍历 click 中的形状坐标，将每个记录的偏移量设置为 gl.uniform2f并调用gl.drawArrays对于每个三 Angular 形。

     //Vertex shader program
  var VSHADER_SOURCE = `
  attribute vec4 a_Position;
  uniform vec2 u_Offset;
  void main() {
    gl_Position = a_Position + vec4(u_Offset, 0, 0);
  }`;

   // Fragment shader program
  var FSHADER_SOURCE = `
  void main() {
    gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
  }`;
  
  var offsetLoc;

function main() {
  // Retrieve <canvas> element
  var canvas = document.getElementById('webgl');

  // Get the rendering context for WebGL
  var gl = canvas.getContext("webgl");
  if (!gl) {
    console.log('Failed to get the rendering context for WebGL');
    return;
  }

  // Initialize shaders
  if (!initShaders(gl, VSHADER_SOURCE, FSHADER_SOURCE)) {
    console.log('Failed to intialize shaders.');
    return;
  }
  
  offsetLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(gl.program, "u_Offset");

  var n = initVertexBuffers(gl);
  if(n < 0){
    console.log('Failed to set the positions of the vertices');
    return;
  }


  // Register function (event handler) to be called on a mouse press
  canvas.onmousedown = function(ev){ click(ev, gl, canvas) };

  // Specify the color for clearing <canvas>
  gl.clearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

  // Clear <canvas>
  gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
}


var shapes = [];  // The array for the position of Triangle with mouse click

function click(ev, gl, canvas) {
  var x = ev.clientX; // x coordinate of a mouse pointer
  var y = ev.clientY; // y coordinate of a mouse pointer
  var rect = ev.target.getBoundingClientRect();

  x = ((x - rect.left) - canvas.width/2)/(canvas.width/2);
  y = (canvas.height/2 - (y - rect.top))/(canvas.height/2);


  // Store the coordinates to shapes array
  shapes.push([x,y]);

  // Clear <canvas>
  gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);


  var len = shapes.length;
  for(var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    // Draw
    gl.uniform2f(offsetLoc, shapes[i][0], shapes[i][1]);
    gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
  }
}


//Make the BO for making triangle
function initVertexBuffers(gl){

  var vertices = new Float32Array([
     0.0, 0.1,
    -0.1, -0.1,
    0.1, -0.1,
    ]);
  var n = 3;

  //Create a buffer Object
  var positionBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
  if(!positionBuffer){
    console.log('Failed to create the buffer object');
    return -1;
  }

  //Bind the buffer object to target
  gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, positionBuffer);
  //Write date into the buffer object
  gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices, gl.STATIC_DRAW);

    //Assign the buffer object to a_Position variable
  var a_Position = gl.getAttribLocation(gl.program, 'a_Position');
  if (a_Position < 0) {
    console.log('Failed to get the storage location  of a_Position');
    return -1;
  }

  //Connect the assignment to a_Position variable
  gl.vertexAttribPointer(a_Position, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);

  //Enable the assignment to a_Position variable
  gl.enableVertexAttribArray(a_Position);

  return n;
}

function initShaders(gl, vsrc, fsrc) {
  // initShaders is really poorly designed. Most WebGL programs need multiple shader programs
  // but this function assumes there will only ever be one shader program
  // Also you should never assign values to the gl context.
  gl.program = twgl.createProgram(gl, [vsrc, fsrc]);
  gl.useProgram(gl.program);
  return gl.program;
}

main();

canvas { border: 1px solid black; }

<canvas id="webgl"></canvas>
<script src="https://twgljs.org/dist/3.x/twgl.min.js"></script>