c# - 对使用 Azure 云服务的代码进行单元测试

Question

我有一个代码，我必须为其编写单元测试。由于我是单元测试的新手，因此我正在寻求您的帮助。我想测试 IsAdmin 方法，该方法获取 CloudTableClient 和字符串作为输入，但我真的不知道如何处理它。我尝试了下面的代码，但失败并显示消息:

Message: Test method UnitTestMatan.UserControllerTests.IsAdmin_NotOnTheList_ReturnFalse threw exception: System.MethodAccessException: Attempt by method 'MatanWebServer.Controllers.UserController.IsAdmin(Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Table.CloudTableClient, System.String)' to access method 'Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Table.CloudTable.ExecuteQuery(Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Table.TableQuery, Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Table.TableRequestOptions, Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.OperationContext)' failed.

基本上，我要测试的第一件事是，当 IsAdmin 收到不在表中的电子邮件或只是一个随机字符串时，它会返回 false。在测试部分，我想使用 UserController 中生成的表，而不是新建一个表。

以下是我需要测试的类:

using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage;
using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Table;
using ParseMatanDataWebJob;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;

namespace MatanWebServer.Controllers
{    
    public class UserController : ApiController
    {
        // GET: api/user
        [AdminAuthorizeAttribute]
        public IEnumerable<string> Get()
        {
            CloudStorageAccount storageAccount = CloudStorageAccount.Parse("DefaultEndpointsProtocol=http;AccountName=matandata;AccountKey=myconnectionstringthatidontwantyoutoknow");
            CloudTableClient tableClient = storageAccount.CreateCloudTableClient();

            IEnumerable<string> EmailsList = GetAllEmails(tableClient);

            return (EmailsList);
        }

        // GET: api/user/5
        [UserAuthorizeAttribute]        
        public ReturnObjectValuescontroller Get(string email)
        {            
            // Retrieve the storage account from the connection string.p
            CloudStorageAccount storageAccount = CloudStorageAccount.Parse("myconnectionstringthatidontwantyoutoknow");

            // Create the table client.
            CloudTableClient tableClient = storageAccount.CreateCloudTableClient();

            var result = new ReturnObjectValuescontroller();

            result.isAdmin = IsAdmin(tableClient, email);

            // Create the CloudTable object that represents the "people" table.
            CloudTable donationsTable = tableClient.GetTableReference("userdonationsdata");

            // Create the table query.
            TableQuery<DonationData> userDonationsQuery = new TableQuery<DonationData>().Where(
            TableQuery.GenerateFilterCondition("PartitionKey", QueryComparisons.Equal, email.ToString()));

            var DonationsResult = donationsTable.ExecuteQuery(userDonationsQuery).ToList();

            result.DonationsList = DonationsResult;

            return result;
        }

        public static bool IsAdmin(CloudTableClient tableClient, string email)
        {
            CloudTable AdminsTable = tableClient.GetTableReference("matanadminusers");

            TableQuery AdminsListQuery = new TableQuery();

            AdminsListQuery.SelectColumns = new List<string>() { "AdminEmail" };

            var TableEntityAdminsList = AdminsTable.ExecuteQuery(AdminsListQuery).ToList();

            List<string> AdminsEmailList = new List<string>();
            foreach (var item in TableEntityAdminsList)
            {
                AdminsEmailList.Add(item.Properties["AdminEmail"].StringValue);
            }

            return (AdminsEmailList.Contains(email, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
        }

        private IEnumerable<string> GetAllEmails(CloudTableClient tableClient)
        {            
            CloudTable donationsTable = tableClient.GetTableReference("useremails");

            TableQuery EmailsListQuery = new TableQuery();

            EmailsListQuery.SelectColumns = new List<string>() { "RowKey" };

            var DynamicEntityEmailsList = donationsTable.ExecuteQuery(EmailsListQuery).ToList();

            List<string> EmailList = new List<string>();
            foreach (var item in DynamicEntityEmailsList)
            {
                EmailList.Add(item.RowKey);
            }
            return EmailList.Distinct();
        }

        // POST: api/Rony
        public void Post([FromBody]string value)
        {
        }

        // PUT: api/Rony/5
        public void Put(int id, [FromBody]string value)
        {
        }

        // DELETE: api/Rony/5
        public void Delete(int id)
        {
        }
    }
}

这是我为 IsAdmin 尝试的测试:

using System;
using MatanWebServer.Controllers;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage;
using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Table;

namespace UnitTestMatan
{
    [TestClass]
    public class UserControllerTests
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void IsAdmin_NotOnTheList_ReturnFalse()
        {
            var userController = new UserController();

            CloudStorageAccount storageAccount = CloudStorageAccount.Parse("myconnectionstringthatidontwantyoutoknow");
            CloudTableClient tableClient = storageAccount.CreateCloudTableClient();
            var result = UserController.IsAdmin(tableClient, "str");

            Assert.IsFalse(result);       
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

这更多的是“increddibelly”给出的关于使用接口(interface)的答案的后续。

让我们看下面的例子:

我有一个名为 Person 的类，它需要向数据库发送一些信息。然后，我将不在 Person 类中使用该逻辑，而是将其放在另一个类中。该类负责包含 Person 类与数据库通信所需的所有逻辑，这样的类通常称为数据访问层 (DAL) 或存储库。好的，举个例子:

Person 类:

public Person(IDALPerson d)
{
        dal = d;           
}

private IDALPerson dal;

public void SendOrder()
{            
    (Other logic...)
    dal.SendOrder("Bananas");
}

所以这里Person类通过它的构造函数从程序中的另一个地方获取这个DAL(依赖)，这是一种依赖注入(inject)。该 DAL 实现了 IDALPerson 接口(interface)，因此具体的 DAL 类可以是:

public class PersonDAL : IDALPerson
{
    public void SendOrder()
    {
        (logic for adding order)
    }
}

然后，在执行测试时，您可以创建 IDALPerson 的模拟对象，这样在测试时，您的 Person 类实际上不使用数据库，然后您可以使用 Moq 框架获取一些信息，如“increddibelly”所述”，从而在不依赖数据库的情况下测试 SendOrder 函数。您的测试可能如下所示:

    [Test]
    public void SendOrderTest()
    {
        //Arrange
        Mock<IDALPerson> MockDAL = new Mock<IDALPerson>();
        Person p = new Person(MockDAL);         

        //Act
        p.SendOrder();

        //Assert
        //Assert something.
   }